{"id":78484,"date":"2024-12-31T11:30:11","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:30:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?page_id=78484"},"modified":"2026-03-25T10:02:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T02:02:16","slug":"presmessage-14","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/presmessage\/presmessage-14\/","title":{"rendered":"Narcissism and Self-love"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"78484\" class=\"elementor elementor-78484\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eaff3fd elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"eaff3fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" 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elementor-widget-mobile__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d353c55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u8fd4\u56de\u4e3b\u9801<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b60542e sidebarList elementor-widget elementor-widget-sidebar\" data-id=\"b60542e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"sidebar.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-element-aa428ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aa428ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"495\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/%E9%99%A2%E9%95%B7%E7%9A%84%E8%A9%B1.png?fit=840%2C495&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 wp-image-21908\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8415bb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8415bb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u66f9\u5049\u5f64\u9662\u9577<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d3c81b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d3c81b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-1d3c81b{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0aa4e21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0aa4e21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h1 class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-large-font-size wp-block-heading\" style=\"color: #235ba8;\"><strong>Narcissism and Self-Love<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 18px;\"><strong>An Era of Narcissism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000Many people say that we live in an era of narcissism. In the English-speaking world, there is an idiom that aptly describes the current situation: \u201cYou do you.\u201d This means that you follow your own unique path and do what you think is best and appropriate for you. While this may sound like an inspirational saying, it is actually highly problematic. Behind \u201cyou do you\u201d lies a strong narcissistic mentality, which involves the question of ultimate personal authority: \u201cOnly I can decide everything!\u201d Extreme examples of this sort would be: \u201cWhen I want it all, I must have it now,\u201d or \u201cWhen we think they are unjust, we are right to be angry, even to the point of burning them down.\u201d<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000In everyday life, narcissists abuse their \u201cright to freedom.\u201d They are arrogant and force others to acknowledge their supposed superiority. They bully others to achieve their goals, envy what others have, and try to destroy those whom they are jealous of. They disregard others, driven by their own desire for self-glorification. Hence, when we think of narcissism, we often associate it with grandiosity, an excessive need for admiration, an inflated sense of self, unsettling interpersonal relationships, and a lack of empathy.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000In churches, we may come across some \u201cdiligent\u201d narcissistic brothers and sisters. They constantly compare others, whether they are pastors or fellow believers, with a critical attitude, praising those who share their views while condemning those who disagree. They also like bullying others online, probably using social media to attack people by insulting, teasing, or spreading rumors, which leads to further malicious comments, insults, and personal attacks. Through such words, they attempt to demonstrate how great they are. Such inflated self-image often causes people to provoke and challenge one another, and incite mutual jealousy. Jealousy arises from comparing oneself to others, trying to compete with them, and even bearing grudges against them. When people let their anger grow unchecked, they eventually become controlled by it.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 18px;\"><strong>Two Types of Narcissism? <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000The term \u201cnarcissism\u201d originates from the Roman poet Ovid (43 BC\u2013AD 17) in his epic poem <em>Metamorphoses<\/em>. This work explores the relationships between humanity and nature, love and destruction, and gods and mortals. <em>Metamorphoses<\/em> tells the story of human history and the lives of the gods, from the creation of the world to the death of Julius Caesar. One of its famous stories is about Narcissus, which reveals the dangers of narcissism and the fragility of human emotions.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000Narcissus was a handsome young man. One day, while hunting, he came to a pond where he saw his own reflection while drinking from it. He became deeply attracted to his own beauty and burned with love for himself. He was the one who fanned this flame of desire and subsequently bore the torture. Consumed in this hidden flame, he was unable to extricate himself. In this Greek myth, love turns inward, leading the protagonist down a path of self-destruction. <em><strong>\u201cNarcissism\u201d is defined as love turned inward, and this inward-directed self-love might destroy both oneself and others.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000Modern psychologist Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) classified narcissism into two types in his paper \u201cOn Narcissism: An Introduction\u201d: normal and pathological. According to Freud, normal narcissism is the natural state during infancy when the ego is first forming. At this stage, infants have legitimate needs, such as feeding and love. However, as people grow and interact more with the external world, they develop an ideal ego. When they meet the expectations of this ideal ego, the ego feels satisfied. As people continue to grow, they go through various psychosexual stages of human development and the energy libido, <sup>*<\/sup> originally directed inward to the ego, gradually flows outward toward external people and objects, reducing the extent of narcissism. Nevertheless, if this process is disrupted, such as when love-objects do not respond or trauma occurs, the libido that should be flowing outward flows inward to the ego instead, leading to pathological narcissism. <em><strong>For narcissists, the love-object is no longer an external person or object but plainly themselves. This is an abnormality.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 18px;\"><strong>The Fall and Narcissism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000The renowned contemporary theologian Wolfhart Pannenberg (1928-2014) agreed with some of Freud\u2019s assessments in his works <em>Christian Spirituality and Sacramental Community<\/em> (1984) and <em>Anthropology in Theological Perspective<\/em> (1985). On a natural level, narcissism is related to the \u201cprimary narcissistic pleasure ego of infancy.\u201d He described this kind of narcissism as primary as it is related to a child\u2019s legitimate need for well-being, which comes from a child\u2019s instinctual need for preservation. For example, they cry for food until they are fed. However, Pannenberg questioned Freud\u2019s view that the libidinous and aggressive features of primary narcissism in early infancy are normative and natural. He argued that narcissism is not a fundamental quality of human nature put there by God.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000Pannenberg believed that when narcissism persists beyond infancy, it becomes abnormal in that the individual has an internal bellowing demand for self-security beyond genuine needs. Pannenberg believed this egocentricity arises from the Fall, which alienated humanity from God. Leaving God, humans no longer trust Him and become egocentric. Narcissistic people seek security in finite human existence rather than through their basic trust in God. This is the tragedy of humans after the Fall: people distrust God and rely on selfish self-preservation to maintain their own security. This is a kind of perversion of self-love. Humans replace their basic trust in God with the illusion of having infinite control. In other words, narcissism is a sin of pride. It distorts trust, ultimately leaving people controlled by worldly matters rather than receiving the life-sustaining power given by God.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000This loss of trust in God had harmful effects on the first person in the world: humanity\u2019s original selfhood became distorted. When we prioritize ourselves over God, we will develop excessive self-love and become distorted. When people turn away from God and become overly focused on themselves, their personhood becomes distorted and alienated. Human fallenness brings about our unnatural narcissistic disturbance. Such narcissistic disturbance imprisons the entire person within itself and orbits around itself, filling the person with dread-laden anxiety, constantly wearing on itself. Narcissism causes people to lose not only their selfhood but also their humanness, sacrificing their relationships with others.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000<em><strong>If we accept Pannenberg\u2019s view, narcissism is not our natural state but a feature of fallen humanity.<\/strong><\/em> Narcissism, therefore, is an unnatural state caused by the Fall, alienating people from God, themselves, and others.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 18px;\"><strong>Ordered Self-Love<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000Does this mean we should not love ourselves then?<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000Augustine (354-430) believed that humans could have proper self-love without being selfish. The Bible also mentions this kind of self-love, which forms the foundation of the commandment to \u201clove your neighbor as yourself\u201d (Mt 22:39; Lk 10:27). This is a form of normal, healthy self-love, which is both a legitimate inner need worth fulfilling and a driving force for healthy relationships.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000From a theological perspective, <em><strong>true self-love is moral and sincere<\/strong><\/em>. Living out the true self requires rigorous honesty, which can only be achieved with the help of others. Being honest with others and accepting their views of ourselves can be a thought-provoking experience.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000True self-love is also spiritual; it is part of the reality of human relationships ordained by God in creation. True self-love exists within a divine order that calls for people\u2019s efforts to return to God. As Augustine declared: \u201c\u2026 you have made us and drawn us to yourself, and our heart is unquiet until it rests in you.\u201d Augustine advocated for ordered love. True self-love can only be \u201cset in order\u201d by virtue of redemption in Jesus Christ and God\u2019s design in creation. <em><strong>Only when people establish a proper relationship with God and accept His love can love find its appropriate order.<\/strong><\/em> People must seek true love and avoid distorted love.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000Self-love is an affirmation of oneself. To affirm oneself, one must listen to oneself in the Spirit, recognizing one\u2019s own limitations and distinguishing between real and false boundaries. In this process of self-examination, we may come to see how foolish and arrogant we have been, and how ignorant we are before God. We must seek God\u2019s grace so that we may view ourselves soberly, not only caring for ourselves but also rising to care for others.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 18px;\"><strong>Transformation in Christ<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000In Galatians 5:16-17, Paul says: \u201cBut I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh. For the desires of the flesh are against the Spirit, and the desires of the Spirit are against the flesh, for these are opposed to each other, to keep you from doing the things you want to do.\u201d What Paul means is that each Christian has two centres in their lives: one is the new life given by the Spirit and the other is the old life of the flesh. These two kinds of life are in constant conflict: the desires of the flesh oppose the Spirit, and the Spirit opposes the flesh. In this battle, people often feel defeated, unable to do the good they wish to do.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000Paul points out that our only hope is the cross. Paul declares that followers of Christ voluntarily crucify \u201cthe flesh with its passions and desires\u201d (5:24). As a result of this, Christ lives within them (Gal 2:19-20). Thus, we can say that the self is transformed through being reborn in Jesus Christ. <em><strong>By virtue of a saving relationship with Jesus Christ, we become fully human, as He did, by being propelled into our destiny of restoration to the image of God. <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000Through the restoration of the image of God within ourselves, we become fully human. This means that individuals can be rescued from the mire of narcissism and become fully human. In other words, humanity is healed of narcissism through Jesus Christ. By accepting Jesus Christ\u2019s invitation to reconcile with God and receive His supernatural help, distorted narcissism is resolved, true humanity is restored, and people become new creations as designed by God. Only in this way can people truly become authentic humans, freed from the fate of self-destruction. This is a lifelong process of growth, gradually restoring this rediscovered humanity. It is a gift and grace from God.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><sup>*<\/sup> Libido not only refers to sexual desire but also to pleasuring love that is not erotic. Libido may also generally refer to the energy source for all human psychic and behavioral activities..<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"right\">Feb 2025<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>College Profile Return to Home Page Dean&#039;s Words Dean Cao Weitong Narcissism and Self-Love The Age of Narcissism Many people say that we live in an age of narcissism. There is an idiom in the English world that is particularly suitable for describing the current situation. That is &quot;you do you&quot;, which means: take your own unique path, do your own thing, and go your own way. This may sound inspiring, but it actually has a lot of problems. Behind \u201cYou do you\u201d lies a strong \u201cnarcissistic\u201d mentality, which involves what is the ultimate authority of an individual: only I can decide everything! Extreme examples might be: &quot;When I want it all, I want it right away&quot; or &quot;When we think they are unjust, we can be angry and even burn them with fire.&quot;   Narcissistic people abuse their &quot;right to freedom&quot; in their daily lives. They are arrogant and force others to accept that they are superior to everyone else. They bully others to achieve their own goals. They envy what others have gained and try to destroy them. They don&#039;t consider others, only the desire to be the only one. Thus, when we think of narcissism, we typically think of traits such as grandiosity, an excessive need for admiration, an inflated ego, troubled relationships, and a lack of empathy.   In the church, we may encounter some &quot;diligent&quot; narcissistic brothers and sisters. Whether they are pastors or brothers and sisters, they constantly compare people with each other in a critical attitude, praise those who share the same views as themselves, condemn others who have different ideas, and like to bully others online. These people may use social media to attack others, often by insulting, ridiculing or spreading rumors that lead to more malicious comments, insults and personal attacks. Through these words, they want to show how wonderful they are. This inflated ego often causes people to irritate, provoke, and envy each other. Jealousy comes from comparing yourself with others, wanting to compete with others, or even harboring hatred towards others. People who allow anger to grow will eventually be controlled by anger. Two kinds of narcissism?   The word &quot;narcissism&quot; comes from the long narrative poem &quot;Metamorphoses&quot; by the ancient Roman poet Ovid (43 BC-17 AD), which explores the relationship between humans and nature, love and destruction, and gods and humans. The Metamorphoses tells the story of human history and the lives of the gods from the creation of the world to the death of Julius Caesar. One of the most famous stories is about Narcissus, which reveals the dangers of narcissism and the fragility of human emotions.   Narcissus was a handsome young man. Once when he was hunting, he came to the pond to drink water and saw his own reflection in the water. He was deeply attracted by his own beauty, burned by his love for himself, tortured by the fire of love he fanned, and swallowed by the hidden flame, unable to extricate himself. In this Greek myth, love turns inward toward the self, leading the protagonist down a path of self-destruction. &quot;Narcissism&quot; is defined as an inward love that may lead to the destruction of oneself and others.   Modern famous heart<\/p>","protected":false},"author":148,"featured_media":0,"parent":63242,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-78484","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u81ea\u6200\u8207\u81ea\u611b - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/presmessage\/presmessage-14\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u81ea\u6200\u8207\u81ea\u611b - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u5b78\u9662\u7c21\u4ecb \u8fd4\u56de\u4e3b\u9801 \u9662\u9577\u7684\u8a71 \u66f9\u5049\u5f64\u9662\u9577 \u81ea\u6200\u8207\u81ea\u611b \u81ea\u6200\u6642\u4ee3 \u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u6200\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e16\u754c\u88cf\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6163\u7528\u8a9e\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u9069\u5408\u63cf\u8ff0\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u666f\u6cc1\u3002\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u201cyou do you\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u8d70\u4f60\u7368\u7279\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4f60\u505a\u4f60\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u884c\u6211\u7d20\u3002\u9019\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u52f5\u5fd7\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5927\u6709\u554f\u984c\u3002\u201cYou do 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\u5169\u7a2e\u81ea\u6200\uff1f \u3000\u3000\u300c\u81ea\u6200\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u53e4\u7f85\u99ac\u8a69\u4eba\u5967\u7dad\u5fb7\uff08Ovid, \u516c\u5143\u524d43\u5e74\u2014\u516c\u514317\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u9577\u7bc7\u654d\u4e8b\u8a69\u300a\u8b8a\u5f62\u8a18\u300b\uff08Metamorphoses\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u611b\u8207\u6bc0\u6ec5\u3001\u795e\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u300a\u8b8a\u5f62\u8a18\u300b\u8b1b\u8ff0\u5f9e\u4e16\u754c\u5275\u9020\u5230\u51f1\u6492\u5927\u5e1d\u4e4b\u6b7b\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u773e\u795e\u660e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u7d0d\u897f\u745f\u65af\uff08Narcissus\uff09\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u63ed\u793a\u300c\u81ea\u6200\u300d\uff08narcissism\uff09\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u3002 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\u5169\u7a2e\u81ea\u6200\uff1f \u3000\u3000\u300c\u81ea\u6200\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u53e4\u7f85\u99ac\u8a69\u4eba\u5967\u7dad\u5fb7\uff08Ovid, \u516c\u5143\u524d43\u5e74\u2014\u516c\u514317\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u9577\u7bc7\u654d\u4e8b\u8a69\u300a\u8b8a\u5f62\u8a18\u300b\uff08Metamorphoses\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u611b\u8207\u6bc0\u6ec5\u3001\u795e\u8207\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u300a\u8b8a\u5f62\u8a18\u300b\u8b1b\u8ff0\u5f9e\u4e16\u754c\u5275\u9020\u5230\u51f1\u6492\u5927\u5e1d\u4e4b\u6b7b\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u773e\u795e\u660e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u7d0d\u897f\u745f\u65af\uff08Narcissus\uff09\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u63ed\u793a\u300c\u81ea\u6200\u300d\uff08narcissism\uff09\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u3002 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