{"id":54531,"date":"2023-05-15T16:56:53","date_gmt":"2023-05-15T08:56:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www4.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=54531"},"modified":"2025-02-17T17:28:07","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T09:28:07","slug":"christian-education-on-death-and-rebirth-3-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en","title":{"rendered":"The Divine Mandate of Spiritual Parents: \nPaul as Our Role Model"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"54531\" class=\"elementor elementor-54531\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e47810 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"0e47810\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Bernard Leung<\/h4>\nAssociate Professor of New Testament\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c01239c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"c01239c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-043bc9c\" data-id=\"043bc9c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d409d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9d409d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-09.png?fit=768%2C384&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-54500\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-09.png?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-09.png?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-09.png?resize=768%2C384&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/photo-09.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ddc6583 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"ddc6583\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e662b3\" data-id=\"3e662b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88a0194 elementor-align-center elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"88a0194\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Newsletter2023.11_website-version.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67f5355 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67f5355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-67f5355{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a84607d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a84607d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>The Church as a Big Family<\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000In the early church, believers regarded each other as family, addressing one another as brothers and sisters. This familial imagery carried a deeper significance, representing the unique relationship between parents and children\u2014a unique relationship between a minority of high-standing church founders and the church members they led to God and pastored. This was a significant relationship, which was akin to the gracious bond between children and their physical parents who gave them life and care. Parents are considered \u201cpatron\u201d to their children, and children are expected to obey their fathers\u2019 authority and instructions and show respect to their parents.<\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Paul and the Corinthians: \u201cFather\u201d and \u201cChildren\u201d <\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000In the context of this tradition, <em><strong>Paul referred to the Corinthians as \u201cchildren\u201d <\/strong><\/em> (1 Cor 4:14) <em><strong>and himself as their \u201cfather,\u201d \u201cin Christ Jesus through the gospel\u201d <\/strong><\/em> (1 Cor 4:15; cf. 4:17; 1 Thes 2:8, 11; Phlm 10.) <sup>1<\/sup> When Paul said he had \u201cbegotten\u201d the Corinthians (1 Cor 4:14 ASV; \u201cbecame your father\u201d ESV), he was referring to his role in founding the church during his first visit to the city of Corinth (AD 50-52). When he wrote 1 Corinthians, recalling the incident, he had departed from Corinth for two to three years (around AD 54-55). Later, questions arose concerning Paul\u2019s apostolic authority, causing tension in his relationship with the Corinthians. During this period, Paul made a second visit to Corinth, which resulted in a painful encounter (2 Cor 2:1-2). Subsequently, Paul wrote a \u201ctearful letter\u201d (2 Cor 2:3-4) in an attempt to mend his relationship with the Corinthians.<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000If we assume that 2 Corinthians is one single letter from the beginning, rather than composed of different fragments of letters, then this lost \u201ctearful letter\u201d should have a positive impact. From 2 Corinthians 1\u20137, we can see that Paul felt relieved and comforted due to the Corinthians\u2019 turning back in response. Unfortunately, this sense of relief was short-lived, as Paul received bad news before sending 2 Corinthians 1\u20139: <sup>2<\/sup> some Corinthians were comparing him unfavorably to other visiting teachers, criticizing his oratory skills (2 Cor 10:10; 11:6), and his rejection of their financial support (11:7). He was less acceptable than the teachers known as \u201csuper-apostles.\u201d Paul was also accused of only pretending not to accept financial support from the churches while supposedly pocketing the offerings intended for the poor in Jerusalem (2 Cor 12:16).<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000In the face of these accusations, Paul immediately continued to write 2 Corinthians 10\u201313, using more intense and forceful language than in chapters 1\u20139. Paul first defended his seemingly weak performance (10:1-18) and then employed irony in a Fool\u2019s Discourse to counter the queries from the \u201csuper-apostles\u201d (11:1\u201312:13). Finally, he announced his plan to make a third visit to Corinth and responded emotionally to the accusations of deceit (12:14\u201313:4). In 2 Corinthians 12:14-15, Paul again used the language of \u201cparents\u201d and \u201cchildren\u201d (see 2 Cor 6:13) to describe the special relationship between himself and the Corinthians:<\/p><blockquote><p>Here for the third time I am ready to come to you. And I will not be a burden, for I seek not what is yours but you. For children are not obligated to save up for their parents, but parents for their children. I will most gladly spend and be spent for your souls. If I love you more, am I to be loved less?<\/p><\/blockquote><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Parents and Children: Not Patrons and Clients<\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000In these two short verses, Paul used four money-related verbs: \u201cto be a burden\u201d (<em>katanarka\u014d<\/em>), \u201cto store up\u201d (<em>th\u0113sauriz\u014d<\/em>; \u201cto save up\u201d ESV ), \u201cto spend\u201d (<em>dapana\u014d<\/em>), and \u201cto exhaust\u201d (<em>ekdapana\u014d<\/em>; \u201cbe spent\u201d ESV). When Paul announced his plan to visit the Corinthians for the third time, he declared in advance that he \u201cwill not be a burden [to you]\u201d (v. 14). This resonated with the previous section (11:1\u201312:13) where he had used the same verb twice to describe how he had never requested nor accepted gifts from the Corinthians (see 11:9; 12:13). The verb \u201cto be a burden\u201d was commonly used in the context of patron-client relationships, where clients, after receiving favors, were obligated to demonstrate loyalty and support to their gracious patron, upon whom they often depended for their livelihood. <em><strong>Paul neither requested nor accepted financial support from the Corinthians, choosing instead to work with his own hands and be self-sufficient. <\/strong><\/em> This not only went against the common practice accepted in the early church (1 Cor 9:4-14) but also contradicted Paul\u2019s own teaching (Gal 6:6) and practice (2 Cor 11:8-9; Phil 4:15-18). Furthermore, it might have been seen by the Corinthians as a rejection of their friendship and interpreted as an insult, possibly even displaying hostility. This also provided a pretext for both internal and external opponents to question Paul\u2019s apostolic authority and integrity.<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Paul explained his deviation from the customary practice of accepting financial support from the churches in 1 Corinthians 9:15-23. He presented the gospel free of charge (1 Cor 9:18) because it was part of his calling and thus a \u201cnecessity\u201d for him (1 Cor 9:16). He believed that by doing so, he had made himself a servant to all and could then \u201cwin more of them\u201d (1 Cor 9:19). Paul might have also considered the practical situation: accepting monetary support from the Corinthians (actually it was the money from the relatively well-off ones among them) could exacerbate factionalism within the churches and turn him into a client of those who loved boasting (i.e. a burden to them), losing his freedom to preach the gospel truth. Paul refused to be a burden to the Corinthians just to avoid this possibility, ensuring their relationship would not be distorted into the patron-client dependency typical of societal and cultural norms.<\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Unconditional Giving<\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Paul\u2019s practice of \u201cnot becoming a burden to others\u201d was, however, questioned as a deceptive tactic to trap the believers (2 Cor 12:16). Besides presenting factual arguments (12:17-18), Paul also used the common practice of parents \u201csaving\u201d for their children to illustrate his unconditional giving to the Corinthians (12:14c): \u201cFor children are not obligated to save up for their parents, but parents for their children.\u201d <em><strong>Paul emphasized that he was the Corinthians\u2019 \u201cspiritual father,\u201d not a client. He was not a burden to the church, requiring them to provide for his livelihood. Instead, just like a father, he provided for their daily needs and labored tirelessly for them physically and emotionally. <\/strong><\/em> When Paul used the imagery of parents and children, there are three aspects worth noting.<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Firstly, the image of a father who is wholly concerned for the well-being of his children and has no selfish motives is an emotional relationship that Paul had already expressed earlier when he said, \u201cFor I seek not what is yours but you\u201d (12:14b). Paul distinguished between \u201cwhat is yours\u201d (or \u201cyour possession\u201d; Greek <em>ta hum\u014dn<\/em>) and \u201cyou\u201d (<em>humas<\/em>). This contrast echoed his statement in the following verse, where he described how he \u201cspent\u201d for his \u201cspiritual children.\u201d In 2 Corinthians 12:15, Paul said, \u201cI will most gladly spend and be spent for your souls.\u201d In the first part of the sentence, \u201cspend\u201d does not have an explicit object, but the context implies one, \u201cI will most gladly spend [what is mine (<em>ta mou<\/em>)] \u2026 for your lives.\u201d \u201cBe spent\u201d in the second part of the sentence is in the passive voice, which can be expressed in an active voice, \u201cand I spent (myself) for your souls.\u201d <sup>3<\/sup> <em><strong>In other words, for Paul, what he desired was not \u201cyour possessions\u201d but \u201cyou.\u201d Correspondingly, what he was willing to expend was \u201chis own possessions\u201d and even \u201chimself.\u201d <\/strong><\/em><\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Secondly, when Paul explained why he gave selflessly to the believers, he could have used a Christological argument, just as in the cases in his other letters. For example, in Philippians 2:6-8, Paul encouraged the Philippians not to be selfish and to have an attitude of humility toward others instead, pointing to Christ who did not insist on equality with God but emptied Himself, and showing Christ as the model for selfless giving. Also, in 2 Corinthians 8:9, Paul encouraged the Corinthians to renew their enthusiasm for the collection to the churches in Jerusalem: \u201c[our Lord Jesus Christ] was rich, yet for your sake he became poor, so that you by his poverty might become rich.\u201d However, <em><strong>in 2 Corinthians 12, Paul did not employ such advanced theological concepts but instead chose to use commonly accepted ethical principles<\/strong><\/em>. Although there were many other aspects to the ethical principles concerning parents and children at the time (such as the supreme authority of fathers and the absolute obedience of children, or the obligation of children to care for their parents when they had needs like old age or illness), Paul specifically emphasized the aspect of parents providing unconditionally for their children in terms of finances and material possessions. This viewpoint aligned with the prevailing Hellenistic and Jewish culture of that time. <sup>4<\/sup><\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Lastly, it is noteworthy that <em><strong>when Paul used the imagery of \u201cparents\u201d and \u201cchildren\u201d in his letters to the Corinthians, it often had a polemical rhetorical purpose<\/strong><\/em>. In 1 Corinthians 4:15b, he said he had fathered the Corinthians through the gospel in Christ Jesus. In the first half of the verse, he said, \u201cFor though you have countless guides in Christ, you do not have many fathers.\u201d \u201cGuides\u201d referred to household slaves or hired attendants at that time. While fathers were not physically present, they would lead the children to the schoolhouse and back home and were assigned the duty of overseeing their conduct in general. Although the Corinthians were influenced by many popular teachers or leaders during Paul\u2019s absence, Paul emphasized that he was their sole father, and thus, they should imitate this unique father, rather than others (4:16).<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000In 2 Corinthians 6:11-13 and 7:2-4, Paul urged the Corinthians to open their hearts to him with the same sincerity. He pointed out an imbalance in their attitudes: \u201cYou are not restricted by us, but you are restricted in your own affections\u201d (6:12). Perhaps Paul found this expression too harsh and immediately used gentler words, emphasizing that he was speaking to them from the bottom of his heart as a father who had suffered for his children (6:4-10). He said, \u201cIn return (I speak as to children) widen your hearts also.\u201d (6:13).<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000In 2 Corinthians 11, Paul introduced a new element into the imagery of parents and children: the idea of a father betrothing his daughter to a husband\u2014Christ (11:2; cf. Hos 2:19-20). The Corinthians easily accepted another Jesus and received another Spirit from external teachers (11:4). Paul did not compare this behavior to children betraying their parents but viewed it as a wife being unfaithful to her husband. As the spiritual father of the Corinthians, Paul\u2019s love for them was divine, akin to God\u2019s jealous love (<em>z\u0113los<\/em>) for His people (11:2). Therefore, he was deeply grieved that their thoughts were being led astray from a sincere and pure devotion to Christ (11:3).<\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>The Divine Mandate of Spiritual Parents<\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Paul, as the \u201cspiritual father\u201d of the Corinthians, lived out the divine mandate of parents giving selflessly for their children. He served others without seeking personal gain from them. His desire for his spiritual children was for \u201cthemselves.\u201d As for \u201ctheir possessions,\u201d including the material wealth and honor highly esteemed in society at that time, he was not interested at all. What he sought was \u201cthem,\u201d their well-being, and their love and fellowship in Christ. Even in the face of difficulties and challenges, Paul was willing to endure all the dangers and threats, hoping that his sacrifices would contribute to the growth of others.<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Today, how do \u201cspiritual fathers\u201d and \u201cspiritual mothers\u201d in the churches measure up to this example? How willing are ministers, pastors, teachers (including myself), and leaders to give for the spiritual lives of their \u201cspiritual children\u201d? Are they ready to give, regardless of how much they receive from the children in return?<\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #808080; font-size: 10px;\">____________________________________________<\/h3><p style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><sup>1<\/sup> Unless otherwise noted, all scripture quotations are taken from the ESV.<br \/><sup>2<\/sup> In 2 Cor 8\u20139, Paul exhorted the Corinthians to renew their commitment to the collection for believers in Jerusalem.<br \/><sup>3<\/sup> This is similar to a saying of the philosopher Seneca of his time, \u201c\u2026 good men expend, are expended, and, in fact, voluntarily.\u201d See Seneca, <em>On Providence<\/em> 5.4 in BDAG, s.v. \u201c<em>\u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c9<\/em>\u201d 1.<br \/><sup>4<\/sup> Philo of Alexandria said, \u201cBut since, in the natural order of things, sons are the heirs of their fathers and not fathers of their sons \u2026 .\u201d See Philo, <em>On the Life of Moses<\/em> 2.245.<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bernard Leung, Associate Professor of New Testament: In the early church, believers viewed one another as family, calling each other brothers and sisters. This family imagery implies another layer of relationship: the special relationship between parents and children. This special relationship was used between a small number of church founders in a special position and the church members they led to Christ and shepherded. This relationship is very important; its grace is like that of physical parents who give life and nurture their children. Parents are the children&#039;s &quot;benefactors,&quot; and children must submit to their father&#039;s authority and commands, and respect their parents. Paul and the Corinthian believers: &quot;Father&quot; and &quot;Children&quot; In this traditional context, Paul calls the Corinthian believers &quot;children&quot;\u00b9 (or &quot;sons,&quot; 1 Corinthians 4:14), and he is their &quot;father,&quot; who &quot;begot you in Christ Jesus through the gospel&quot; (4:15; cf. 4:17; 1 Thessalonians 2:8, 11; Phyllis 10). Paul &quot;begotten&quot; the Corinthian believers, referring to his establishment of the church during his first visit to Corinth to preach (between 50 and 52 AD). When Paul wrote 1 Corinthians recounting this event, he had been away from Corinth for about two or three years (c. 54-55 AD). Later, his apostolic authority was questioned, and his relationship with the Corinthian church became strained. During this time, Paul visited the Corinthian church a second time, but the result was painful (2 Corinthians 2:1-2). Afterwards, Paul wrote a letter of tears (2 Corinthians 2:3-4) hoping to mend his relationship with the Corinthian believers. If we agree that 2 Corinthians is a complete letter, not a compilation of several letters, then this lost letter of tears should have had a positive outcome, because we see in chapters 1-7 of 2 Corinthians that Paul was relieved and comforted by the return of his readers. Unfortunately, Paul&#039;s relief was short-lived. Before he could even send out 2 Corinthians chapters 1-9, he received bad news: some in the Corinthian church compared him to visiting teachers, deeming his oratory skills inferior (2 Corinthians 10:10, 11:6), and his refusal to accept &quot;speaker fees&quot; (gifts from the church to those in ministry) (11:7). They argued that his credibility was less than that of teachers hailed as &quot;superior apostles.&quot; Paul was further accused of merely outwardly refusing church gifts while secretly accepting bribes while raising funds for poor believers in Jerusalem\u2014a practice tantamount to fraud (2 Corinthians 12:16). Faced with these accusations, Paul immediately continued writing 2 Corinthians chapters 10-13, using a more forceful and incisive tone than chapters 1-9. Paul first defends his seemingly weak performance (10:1-18), then uses irony to refute the &quot;superior apostle&#039;s&quot; accusations of folly (11:1-12:13), and finally foreshadows his third visit to Corinth, responding to the accusations of deception with emotionally charged words (12:14-13:4). In chapter 12:14-15, Paul again uses the language of &quot;parents&quot; and &quot;children&quot; (\u2026).<\/p>","protected":false},"author":135,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[253],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-253"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u5c6c\u9748\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u5929\u8077\uff1a\u4fdd\u7f85\u7684\u5178\u7bc4 - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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