{"id":68746,"date":"2024-05-08T12:06:05","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T04:06:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746"},"modified":"2025-02-17T10:43:10","modified_gmt":"2025-02-17T02:43:10","slug":"environmental-protection-from-the-perspective-of-augustines-doctrine-of-creation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=68746\/","title":{"rendered":"Environmental Protection from the Perspective of Augustine\u2019s Doctrine of Creation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"68746\" class=\"elementor elementor-68746\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e47810 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"0e47810\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0571b5d\" data-id=\"0571b5d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77698db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77698db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-77698db{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d001d6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d001d6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Nathan Ng<\/h4>\nProfessor of Christian Thought (Church History)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ddc6583 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"ddc6583\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e662b3\" data-id=\"3e662b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d409d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9d409d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1.png?fit=768%2C384&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-68725\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1.png?w=1875&amp;ssl=1 1875w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1.png?resize=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1.png?resize=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1.png?resize=768%2C384&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1.png?resize=1536%2C768&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1.png?resize=18%2C9&amp;ssl=1 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67f5355 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67f5355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-67f5355{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c354b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2c354b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Augustine\u2019s Doctrine of Creation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000From a historical perspective, it is undeniable that neither the early Church Fathers nor the Reformers saw \u201cenvironmental protection\u201d as an issue of concern. It is only because of the worsening global pollution and climate change in recent times that environmental issues have gained the attention of the church community. However, this does not mean that the early Christian literature is irrelevant to this contemporary discussion. As a matter of fact, the Old and New Testaments do not directly address the issue of environmental protection either, but the Scriptures remain a primary reference for the Christian perspective on it today. Likewise, there are many valuable documents in the history of the Church that can provide inspiration for the modern Church. <em><strong>Here, let\u2019s reflect on the environmental implications of the doctrine of creation of the much-celebrated Church Father, Augustine of Hippo (354-430). <\/em><\/strong> <\/p>\n<p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Augustine\u2019s doctrine of creation is expressed in his dialogue with Manichaeism and Neoplatonism, the former sees the world as having two origins, the good and the evil, while the latter sees spirit as good and matter as evil. <em><strong>Based on the understanding that God is the source of all things, Augustine maintains that everything in the world is created by the will of God; this creation is not an event that happens overnight, but a gradual transformation of the goodness and order from potential to reality as God predetermines. <\/em><\/strong> In other words, God\u2019s act of creation is a process of growth toward goodness and order; the created world is not static, but in a continuous process. Augustine expresses this in terms of rational causes (<em>rationes causales<\/em>) and rational seeds (<em>rationes seminales<\/em>), meaning that all creatures have the potential to develop. This development does not come naturally by itself, but gradually, with God\u2019s providence and under His governance. This act of creation and providence involves the participation of the three Persons of the Godhead: the Father initiates the existence of the created order; the Son is the source of life and the paragon of wisdom, and the Holy Spirit oversees the process by which the goodness of creation is realized. <\/p>\n<p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Subject to this doctrine of creation, Augustine, while adhering to a position similar to the doctrine of predestination to a certain degree, believes that the development of the world is not set in stone but involves <em><strong>the real interactions between the Creator and the created<\/em><\/strong>. Predestination is not the same as fatalism. Though the ending of the created world has been predetermined, there can be variations in the manifestation of its destiny. Augustine explicitly states that God created the world according to \u201cmeasure, number and weight.\u201d <em><strong>Measure<\/em><\/strong> (<em>mensura<\/em>) means that a creature is not a limitless existence, but only free within certain boundaries; <em><strong>number<\/em><\/strong> (<em>numero<\/em>) denotes the harmonious proportions that a creature must process to maintain a balanced existence in various situations; <em><strong>weight<\/em><\/strong> (<em>pondere<\/em>) represents what guides the good order of the created world toward the divinely predetermined end. Accordingly, all creatures are relatively free to act on their own, but their actions will bring about corresponding responses from God, and God may even guide and correct the creature by miracles and wonders. While the predetermined end ultimately rests on God\u2019s will, the course is shaped by the choices of the creatures. With the timely triggering of different incentives, God brings things to their predetermined ends. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Creation and Environment Protection<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Augustine\u2019s doctrine of creation described above gives contemporary Christians many insights when it comes to the issue of environmental protection. I would like to suggest some of its implication in five points. <\/p>\n\n<ol>\n<li><em><strong>Environmental protection is consistent with God\u2019s will for His creation: <\/em><\/strong> The natural world and humanity are both God\u2019s good creation. Christians should protect the natural environment according to His will and strive to help realize its potential goodness therein. For example, we should preserve the natural environment so that it is suitable for seeds to sprout naturally and for fledglings to have a chance to grow and soar.\n<li><em><strong>Damaging the natural environment is evil: <\/em><\/strong> It is well known that Augustine regarded \u201cevil\u201d as a privation of goodness. Damaging the natural environment is not only violating the will of the Triune God for creation, but also prohibiting the manifestation of the divinely predetermined good order in the created world, so that the potential goodness cannot be realized. This leads to a privation of goodness; hence it is an act of evil.\n<li><em><strong>Environmental protection is the pursuit of harmony and order: <\/em><\/strong> Time and again, harmony and order is emphasized in Augustine\u2019s doctrine of creation. This should also be a priority taken by those who promote environmental protection. For example, suppressing the overgrowth of their competitors or natural enemies in order to give endangered species a better chance of survival should be considered appropriate in order to maintain a natural balance.\n<li><em><strong>People should consider the consequences of environmental degradation: <\/em><\/strong> When humans misuse our confined freedom to destroy the natural environment, God will act in response to the decisions we make. For example, global warming caused by deforestation and epidemics triggered by the indiscriminate consumption of wild game may be God\u2019s warning signs for us to correct our errors, and we should take heed and repent.\n<li><em><strong>God\u2019s goodness is the ultimate goal: <\/em><\/strong> Christians support environmental protection not to keep up with trends, nor to gain the world\u2019s approval, but to reveal the goodness of God\u2019s creation. Environmental protection is only a means to an end, and the ultimate goal is God. Therefore, Christians should not use unbiblical and inappropriate means to promote the cause of environmental protection!\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5915d86 elementor-align-center elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5915d86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/202105_eNews_Eng.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nathan Ng, Professor of Christian Thought (Church History), argues that while Augustine&#039;s creationism is undeniably relevant, from a historical perspective, &quot;environmental protection&quot; was never a primary concern of early Church Fathers or Reformers. It was only due to the increasing severity of global pollution and the escalating problem of climate change in modern times that environmental protection gained importance within the church community. However, this does not mean that historical church documents are worthless when discussing this issue. In fact, neither the Bible nor the Bible directly addresses environmental protection, yet it serves as a primary source of reference for Christians today. Similarly, church history contains many valuable documents that can offer enlightenment to the modern church. This author attempts to reflect on the environmental significance inherent in the creationism of the renowned Church Father Augustine (354-430). Augustine&#039;s creationism is manifested in his dialogues with Manichaeism and Neoplatonism; the former views the world as having two origins, good and evil, while the latter views the spirit as good and matter as evil. Based on his understanding of God as the origin of all things, Augustine insisted that all things in the world were created by God&#039;s will; this creation was not instantaneous, but rather a gradual realization of the potential for goodness and order predetermined by God. In other words, God&#039;s creation is a continuous process of growth towards goodness and order; the created world is not static, but constantly moving forward. Augustine expressed this through the concepts of rational causes (rationes causales) and rational seeds (rationes seminales), meaning that all created things have the potential for development; this development is not natural, but gradually realized under God&#039;s protection and governance. This act of creation and protection involves the participation of the three persons of God: the Father initiates the existence of the created order, the Son is the source of life and the model of wisdom, and the Holy Spirit oversees the process by which the goodness of creation is realized. Under this foundational creationism, while Augustine accepted a position akin to predestination to some extent, he also believed that world history is not static, and that there is a real interaction between the Creator and the created. Predestination is not absolute determinism; while the ultimate fate of the created world is predetermined, its manifestation can be varied. Augustine explicitly stated that God created the world with &quot;size, quantity, and weight.&quot; Size (mensura) indicates that creation is not infinite, but has finite freedom; quantity (numero) represents the need for harmonious proportions to maintain balance in different circumstances; weight (pondere) refers to the good order of the created world, which must be guided towards the predetermined end. Therefore, all creation possesses relative freedom and ability, and their chosen actions will elicit targeted responses from God, who may even guide and correct them through miracles. While God&#039;s will is the ultimate cause of the predetermined outcome, the process is according to the choices of the created beings.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":148,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[269],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68746","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-269"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u5f9e\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u770b\u74b0\u5883\u4fdd\u8b77 - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=68746\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u5f9e\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u770b\u74b0\u5883\u4fdd\u8b77 - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u5433\u570b\u5091 \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\uff08\u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\uff09\u6559\u6388 Nathan Ng Professor of Christian Thought (Church History) \u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8ad6 \u3000\u3000\u7121\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u8655\u5883\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u300c\u74b0\u4fdd\u300d\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u521d\u671f\u6559\u7236\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff1b\u53ea\u56e0\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u6c61\u67d3\u65e5\u76ca\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u6c23\u5019\u6696\u5316\u554f\u984c\u6301\u7e8c\u52a0\u5287\uff0c\u74b0\u4fdd\u624d\u53d7\u6559\u6703\u7fa4\u9ad4\u91cd\u8996\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6709\u95dc\u8b70\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u6614\u65e5\u7684\u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u6587\u737b\u6beb\u7121\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5169\u7d04\u8056\u7d93\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8b1b\u8ad6\u74b0\u4fdd\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u662f\u4eca\u65e5\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u4e5f\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5bf6\u8cb4\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u53ef\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u6559\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u555f\u8fea\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u5617\u8a66\u900f\u904e\u8457\u540d\u6559\u7236\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\uff08Augustine, 354-430\uff09\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\uff0c\u8207\u8b80\u8005\u4e00\u540c\u53cd\u601d\u7576\u4e2d\u860a\u542b\u7684\u74b0\u4fdd\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u65bc\u4ed6\u8207\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\uff08Manichaeism\uff09\u3001\u8207\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Neoplatonism\uff09\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff1b\u524d\u8005\u8996\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u5584\u8207\u60e1\u5169\u500b\u672c\u6e90\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u8996\u9748\u70ba\u5584\u3001\u7269\u70ba\u60e1\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u795e\u4e43\u4e00\u5207\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5805\u6301\u4e16\u4e0a\u842c\u7269\u7686\u7531\u795e\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u800c\u751f\u6210\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u5275\u9020\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u8e74\u800c\u5c31\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u795e\u6240\u9810\u5b9a\u4e4b\u7f8e\u5584\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6f5b\u8cea\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u8b8a\u6210\u5be6\u969b\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u5275\u9020\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u65b7\u9081\u5411\u7f8e\u5584\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\uff1b\u53d7\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u4e26\u975e\u975c\u6b62\u4e0d\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u524d\u884c\u3002\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u56e0\u7531\uff08rationes causales\uff09\u548c\u7406\u6027\u7a2e\u5b50\uff08rationes seminales\uff09\u4f86\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u90fd\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6f5b\u80fd\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u767c\u5c55\u4e26\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u795e\u7684\u8b77\u4f51\u548c\u7ba1\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\u9010\u6b65\u5be6\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u5275\u9020\u548c\u8b77\u4f51\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u795e\u4e09\u500b\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff1b\u7576\u4e2d\u8056\u7236\u5f15\u767c\u53d7\u9020\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8056\u5b50\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6cc9\u6e90\u3001\u667a\u6167\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u800c\u8056\u9748\u5247\u76e3\u7763\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u4e4b\u7f8e\u5584\u5f97\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u8abf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u63a5\u53d7\u985e\u8fd1\u9810\u5b9a\u8ad6\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6642\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e16\u754c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u548c\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u9810\u5b9a\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u5168\u7136\u547d\u5b9a\uff1b\u53d7\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7d42\u5c40\u96d6\u5df2\u9810\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5c55\u73fe\u904e\u7a0b\u537b\u53ef\u591a\u8b8a\u3002\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u660e\u8a00\uff0c\u795e\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u6578\u91cf\u548c\u91cd\u91cf\u300d\u4f86\u5275\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff08mensura\uff09\u8868\u793a\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u4e26\u975e\u7121\u9650\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff1b\u6578\u91cf\uff08numero\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u9808\u6709\u548c\u8ae7\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u666f\u6cc1\u4e2d\u7dad\u6301\u5e73\u8861\uff1b\u91cd\u91cf\uff08pondere\uff09\u662f\u6307\u53d7\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u8981\u88ab\u5f15\u5c0e\u9081\u5411\u795e\u6240\u9810\u5b9a\u7684\u7d42\u5c40\u3002\u6309\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u7686\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u795e\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u795e\u6703\u4ee5\u795e\u8e5f\u5947\u4e8b\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u5f15\u5c0e\u548c\u7cfe\u6b63\u3002\u795e\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u96d6\u662f\u6210\u5c31\u9810\u5b9a\u7d50\u5c40\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u56e0\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u904e\u7a0b\u537b\u662f\u6309\u8457\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u800c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=68746\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HKBTS1951\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-05-08T04:06:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-17T02:43:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1-768x384.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"wordpress_publish\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"wordpress_publish\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=68746\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=68746\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"wordpress_publish\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2eafe310aa0b48fb4f23702fc1ddd6c1\"},\"headline\":\"\u5f9e\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u770b\u74b0\u5883\u4fdd\u8b77\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-08T04:06:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-17T02:43:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=68746\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":962,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=68746\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/photo-4-1-768x384.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u9662\u8a0a2021\u5e744\u6708\u865f\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=68746\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=68746\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u5f9e\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u770b\u74b0\u5883\u4fdd\u8b77 - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=68746\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=68746\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/photo-4-1-768x384.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-08T04:06:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-17T02:43:10+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=68746\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=68746\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=68746\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/photo-4-1-768x384.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/photo-4-1-768x384.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=68746\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u5f9e\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u770b\u74b0\u5883\u4fdd\u8b77\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\",\"description\":\"\u4f60\u7576\u7aed\u529b\u5728\u795e  \u9762\u524d\u5f97\u8499\u559c\u6085\uff0c \u4f5c\u7121\u6127\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u6309\u8457\u6b63\u610f\u5206\u89e3\u771f\u7406\u7684\u9053\u3002\uff08\u63d0\u5f8c2\uff1a15\uff09\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/308627199_527069646090453_2622669530013377730_n.jpg?fit=315%2C315&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/308627199_527069646090453_2622669530013377730_n.jpg?fit=315%2C315&ssl=1\",\"width\":315,\"height\":315,\"caption\":\"\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/HKBTS1951\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2eafe310aa0b48fb4f23702fc1ddd6c1\",\"name\":\"wordpress_publish\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/926889302d81cce3ebdfe828586eddc047eac2034614275b1c40a07b5307d965?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/926889302d81cce3ebdfe828586eddc047eac2034614275b1c40a07b5307d965?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/926889302d81cce3ebdfe828586eddc047eac2034614275b1c40a07b5307d965?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"wordpress_publish\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/en\\\/?p=author\\\/wordpress_publish\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Environmental Protection from the Perspective of Augustine&#039;s Creation Theory - Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=68746\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u5f9e\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u770b\u74b0\u5883\u4fdd\u8b77 - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662","og_description":"\u5433\u570b\u5091 \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\uff08\u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\uff09\u6559\u6388 Nathan Ng Professor of Christian Thought (Church History) \u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8ad6 \u3000\u3000\u7121\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u8655\u5883\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u300c\u74b0\u4fdd\u300d\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u521d\u671f\u6559\u7236\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff1b\u53ea\u56e0\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u6c61\u67d3\u65e5\u76ca\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u6c23\u5019\u6696\u5316\u554f\u984c\u6301\u7e8c\u52a0\u5287\uff0c\u74b0\u4fdd\u624d\u53d7\u6559\u6703\u7fa4\u9ad4\u91cd\u8996\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6709\u95dc\u8b70\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u6614\u65e5\u7684\u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u6587\u737b\u6beb\u7121\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5169\u7d04\u8056\u7d93\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8b1b\u8ad6\u74b0\u4fdd\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u662f\u4eca\u65e5\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\u4e5f\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5bf6\u8cb4\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u53ef\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u6559\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u555f\u8fea\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u5728\u6b64\u5617\u8a66\u900f\u904e\u8457\u540d\u6559\u7236\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\uff08Augustine, 354-430\uff09\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\uff0c\u8207\u8b80\u8005\u4e00\u540c\u53cd\u601d\u7576\u4e2d\u860a\u542b\u7684\u74b0\u4fdd\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u65bc\u4ed6\u8207\u6469\u5c3c\u6559\uff08Manichaeism\uff09\u3001\u8207\u65b0\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Neoplatonism\uff09\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff1b\u524d\u8005\u8996\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u5584\u8207\u60e1\u5169\u500b\u672c\u6e90\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u8996\u9748\u70ba\u5584\u3001\u7269\u70ba\u60e1\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u795e\u4e43\u4e00\u5207\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5805\u6301\u4e16\u4e0a\u842c\u7269\u7686\u7531\u795e\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u800c\u751f\u6210\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u5275\u9020\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u8e74\u800c\u5c31\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u795e\u6240\u9810\u5b9a\u4e4b\u7f8e\u5584\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6f5b\u8cea\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u8b8a\u6210\u5be6\u969b\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u5275\u9020\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u65b7\u9081\u5411\u7f8e\u5584\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\uff1b\u53d7\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u4e26\u975e\u975c\u6b62\u4e0d\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6301\u7e8c\u524d\u884c\u3002\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u56e0\u7531\uff08rationes causales\uff09\u548c\u7406\u6027\u7a2e\u5b50\uff08rationes seminales\uff09\u4f86\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u90fd\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6f5b\u80fd\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u767c\u5c55\u4e26\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u795e\u7684\u8b77\u4f51\u548c\u7ba1\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\u9010\u6b65\u5be6\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u5275\u9020\u548c\u8b77\u4f51\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u795e\u4e09\u500b\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff1b\u7576\u4e2d\u8056\u7236\u5f15\u767c\u53d7\u9020\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8056\u5b50\u662f\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6cc9\u6e90\u3001\u667a\u6167\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u800c\u8056\u9748\u5247\u76e3\u7763\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u4e4b\u7f8e\u5584\u5f97\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u8abf\u4e0b\uff0c\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u63a5\u53d7\u985e\u8fd1\u9810\u5b9a\u8ad6\u7684\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6642\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e16\u754c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u548c\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u9810\u5b9a\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u5168\u7136\u547d\u5b9a\uff1b\u53d7\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7d42\u5c40\u96d6\u5df2\u9810\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5c55\u73fe\u904e\u7a0b\u537b\u53ef\u591a\u8b8a\u3002\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u660e\u8a00\uff0c\u795e\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u6578\u91cf\u548c\u91cd\u91cf\u300d\u4f86\u5275\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff08mensura\uff09\u8868\u793a\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u4e26\u975e\u7121\u9650\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff1b\u6578\u91cf\uff08numero\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u9808\u6709\u548c\u8ae7\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u666f\u6cc1\u4e2d\u7dad\u6301\u5e73\u8861\uff1b\u91cd\u91cf\uff08pondere\uff09\u662f\u6307\u53d7\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u8981\u88ab\u5f15\u5c0e\u9081\u5411\u795e\u6240\u9810\u5b9a\u7684\u7d42\u5c40\u3002\u6309\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u7686\u6709\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u795e\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u795e\u6703\u4ee5\u795e\u8e5f\u5947\u4e8b\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u5f15\u5c0e\u548c\u7cfe\u6b63\u3002\u795e\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u96d6\u662f\u6210\u5c31\u9810\u5b9a\u7d50\u5c40\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u56e0\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u904e\u7a0b\u537b\u662f\u6309\u8457\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u800c","og_url":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=68746\/","og_site_name":"\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HKBTS1951\/","article_published_time":"2024-05-08T04:06:05+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-02-17T02:43:10+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1-768x384.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"wordpress_publish","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"wordpress_publish","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746\/"},"author":{"name":"wordpress_publish","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#\/schema\/person\/2eafe310aa0b48fb4f23702fc1ddd6c1"},"headline":"\u5f9e\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u770b\u74b0\u5883\u4fdd\u8b77","datePublished":"2024-05-08T04:06:05+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-17T02:43:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746\/"},"wordCount":962,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1-768x384.png","articleSection":["\u9662\u8a0a2021\u5e744\u6708\u865f"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746\/","name":"Environmental Protection from the Perspective of Augustine&#039;s Creation Theory - Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1-768x384.png","datePublished":"2024-05-08T04:06:05+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-17T02:43:10+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1-768x384.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/photo-4-1-768x384.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=68746\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u5f9e\u5967\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u5275\u9020\u8ad6\u770b\u74b0\u5883\u4fdd\u8b77"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/","name":"Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary","description":"Do your best to present yourself approved to God, a workman who does not need to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. (2 Timothy 2:15)","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#organization","name":"Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary","url":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/308627199_527069646090453_2622669530013377730_n.jpg?fit=315%2C315&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/308627199_527069646090453_2622669530013377730_n.jpg?fit=315%2C315&ssl=1","width":315,"height":315,"caption":"\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HKBTS1951\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#\/schema\/person\/2eafe310aa0b48fb4f23702fc1ddd6c1","name":"wordpress_publish","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/926889302d81cce3ebdfe828586eddc047eac2034614275b1c40a07b5307d965?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/926889302d81cce3ebdfe828586eddc047eac2034614275b1c40a07b5307d965?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/926889302d81cce3ebdfe828586eddc047eac2034614275b1c40a07b5307d965?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"wordpress_publish"},"url":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=author\/wordpress_publish\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pgxLgt-hSO","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68746","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/148"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68746"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68746\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":79574,"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68746\/revisions\/79574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68746"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68746"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}