{"id":69269,"date":"2024-05-17T08:33:47","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T00:33:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=69269"},"modified":"2025-02-25T16:19:18","modified_gmt":"2025-02-25T08:19:18","slug":"the-essence-of-worship-worship-service-primacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=69269\/","title":{"rendered":"The Essence of Worship: Worship Service Primacy?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"69269\" class=\"elementor elementor-69269\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e47810 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"0e47810\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0571b5d\" data-id=\"0571b5d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-816c35e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"816c35e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-816c35e{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09abc77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"09abc77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Nathan Ng<\/h4>\nProfessor of Christian Thought (Church History)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ddc6583 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"ddc6583\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e662b3\" data-id=\"3e662b3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d409d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9d409d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"384\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/%E9%99%A2%E8%A8%8A%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0-9.png?fit=768%2C384&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-69265\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67f5355 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67f5355\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-67f5355{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1e3797 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1e3797\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Recently, many public gatherings have been cancelled due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus. Numbers of churches also adjourned gatherings such as fellowship gatherings, Sunday school classes and talks. However, some insisted that \u201cSunday worship service is the only thing that cannot be suspended,\u201d and that even though congregations may not gather in person, they are strongly advised to attend worship services online. The reason given was that worship service is a sacred time during which believers worship God and it is the core activity of a church. Increasingly, Hong Kong Chinese churches are giving more attention to worship, with more and more teachings and discussions focusing on worship. Since the singspiration style of worship which became prevalent years ago, hymn-leading has practically become mandatory ministry training for the younger generation within churches. While some ministers and leaders criticize the deficient content of modern hymns, there are signs that traditional hymns and orders of worship are regaining traction within the Christian community. Many scholars who are concerned with these trends in worship services share their thoughts from various perspectives in music, liturgy, theology and pastoral ministry. They all strive to construct a more feasible foundation and try to discern the right direction for public worship. However, what is the true meaning of worship throughout history? I want to point out that the understanding of public worship in modern churches to a certain extent deviates from the historical traditions of the Old Testament, New Testament and the Church.<\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Worship and Service<\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000In the Bible, \u201cworship\u201d is mainly a translation from two words in Hebrew, \u05e2\u05b8\u05d1\u05b7\u05d3 and \u05e9\u05c1\u05b8\u05d7\u05b8\u05d4, as well as two other words in Greek, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9 and \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9; they all share the meaning of \u201cservice.\u201d As the <em>New Bible Dictionary<\/em> notes, \u201cthe vocabulary of worship in the Bible is very extensive, but the essential concept in Scripture is \u2018service.\u2019\u201d <sup>1<\/sup> Moses warned the Israelites before his death that \u201cif you ever forget the LORD your God and follow other gods and <em>worship and bow down<\/em> to them, I testify against you today that you will surely be destroyed.\u201d (Dt 8:19 NIV; italics added for emphasis here and hereafter) Also, in response to the temptation in the wildness, Jesus said, \u201cAway from me, Satan! For it is written: \u2018<em>Worship<\/em> the Lord your God, and <em>serve<\/em> him only\u2019\u201d (Mt 4:10). Obviously, <em><strong>worship<\/strong><\/em> and <em><strong>service<\/strong><\/em> are parallel and carry the same meaning. The true almighty God is the only subject of worship and service for the people of God. When the Israelites served other gods, they were punished (2 Kgs 17:7); similarly, Christians cannot serve two gods (Mt 6:24).<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000If worship means service, service can never be confined to a worship service that happens only once a week. The Israelites in the Old Testament put much emphasis on serving YHWH, namely that they should worship God through their lives, and recognize Him as the only Lord worthy of honor and their submission. Its most clear outward expression is their obedience to His Word, and their observation of the Lord\u2019s commandants announced through Moses (Dt 10:12; 13:4; Jo 22:5). The requirement for living a life of worship and service is even more evident in the New Testament: we are asked to offer our bodies as <em><strong>a living sacrifice<\/strong><\/em> to God. The NIV translation of Romans 12:1 is: \u201cTherefore, I urge you, brothers and sisters, in view of God\u2019s mercy, to offer your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God\u2014this is your true and proper <em>worship<\/em> [\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1].\u201d This means believers have to do the will of God from their hearts and serve the Lord wholeheartedly (Eph 6:6-7).<\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Worship and Meeting<\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Worship is not a specific kind of <em><strong>meeting<\/strong><\/em> but a kind of <em><strong>living<\/strong><\/em> that honors God as the Lord. Probably because of this, both testaments never focus their attention on any worship service. As mentioned, God\u2019s major request to Israel\u2019s service in the Old Testament era was to obey His commandments. The laws in the Five Books of Moses consist of offering guidelines, food restrictions, and behavioral codes. These laws relate to the maintenance or retrieval of the Holy People\u2019s identity; they should concentrate on living out a life that belongs to God, rather than participating in meetings. There was a time when the Israelites wrongfully thought they could please God through frequent religious activities, such as regular offerings and feasts, despite the fact that they neglected social justice and oppressed the poor. God thus proclaimed through a prophet: \u201cI hate, I despise your religious festivals; your assemblies are a stench to me. Even though you bring me burnt offerings and grain offerings, I will not accept them. \u2026But let justice roll on like a river, righteousness like a never-failing stream!\u201d (Am 5:21-22, 24) Evidently, daily life and behavior as worship and service to God are far more important than any religious activities (including worship services). When the era of New Testament came, our Lord Jesus proclaimed the gospel of the Heavenly Kingdom, urging everyone to confess their sins and believe in God; He explained the truth, taught His disciples to pray by faith, to love God and neighbors, and set an example for all through His own lifestyle and being obedient to death. Even though our Lord\u2019s teaching is profound and immense, He taught nothing about worship service. He proclaimed the new commandment of loving each other, the great commission of making the Lord\u2019s disciples, and asked His believers to be the light and salt of the world. These teachings all require practice in daily life, which is the true worship and service to God.<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Someone may ask: are not the Israelites required to observe Sabbath and feasts prescribed by the Old Testament? Also, is not the believers\u2019 community forbidden to stop meeting in the New Testament? According to the two testaments, the aim of these communal activities is for <em><strong>teaching, mutual exhortation and reminding<\/strong><\/em> so as to help God\u2019s people act out their faith in life, rather than regarding such meetings as sacred times of worship. Except for the Day of Atonement which bears the connotation of national purification, all feasts (including feasts of Passover, Pentecost, and Tabernacles) prescribed by the laws aim to help the Israelites to remember God\u2019s grace in the past and presence lest they may forget and forsake YHWH. Reading the laws of Moses is essential in Jewish synagogue service on Sabbath; especially in the ancient time when literacy levels were relatively low; public reading played a crucial role in teaching people the truth. Christian communities continue this tradition of reading scriptures during their meetings. Paul, for example, assertively told local churches to read his letter in turn (Col 4:16). As a result, when the New Testament calls believers to \u201cnot [give] up meeting together,\u201d the reason given is to \u201cencourage one another\u201d (Heb 10:25). When Paul deals with the chaos of church meetings, he asked everything\u2014hymn singing, teaching, speaking of tongues, revelation and prophecy\u2014be done in order separately, emphasizing that \u201ceverything must be done so that the church may be built up\u201d (1 Cor 14:26) and \u201cso that everyone may be instructed and encouraged\u201d (1 Cor 14:31).<\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Worship and Hymn-Singing<\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000As for <em><strong>hymn-singing<\/strong><\/em>, the Bible certainly provides us with an early tradition of presenting thankfulness and praise to God through music and dance. The best examples are the songs that Moses and Miriam led the Israelites to sing after their successful escape from the Egyptian armies (Ex 5:1-18, 20-21). However, these praises are the natural response of God\u2019s people to His grace and mightiness revealed in their lives; these are not worship rituals in the regular meetings. Without a doubt, it is King David who first made sacred music a regular element in the Israelites\u2019 religious meetings. He arranged twenty-four rotations of officers responsible for singing and playing music in the temple all year round (1 Chr 25:1-31). The scripture text, nevertheless, does not further explain David\u2019s intentions regarding this arrangement. However, the New Testament has clear advice on the function of sacred music. When we are discussing hymns, Ephesians 5:19-21 and its close parallel Colossians 3:16-17 are probably the most cited verses. What is the purpose of Paul here asking believers to use \u201cpsalms, hymns, and songs from the Spirit\u201d? Through careful study of the text, it is not difficult to see Paul\u2019s emphasis: to \u201clet the message of Christ dwell among you richly \u2026 with all wisdom.\u201d In other words, hymns are a way to help believers <em><strong>learn, deepen, and remember the truth<\/strong><\/em>. Thus, the texts repeated the importance of \u201cspeaking to one another,\u201d \u201csubmit[ting] to one another,\u201d \u201cteach[ing] and admonish[ing] one another,\u201d in order to \u201csing and make music from your heart to the Lord\u201d and \u201c[sing] to God with gratitude in your hearts.\u201d It is worth noting that the instructions for Christian households follow the above two texts; this arrangement implies Paul expects a concrete practice in daily life after one receives of the Lord\u2019s message through hymns, so that one can live out the disciple witness of loving one another. Some modern churches believe that they have to praise God through incredible music, and some even think that they need to enhance their musical techniques to please God; none of these, unfortunately, is the stance of the early church.<\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Holistic Worship<\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000All <em><strong>early church fathers<\/strong><\/em> who succeeded the apostles affirm <em><strong>holistic worship<\/strong><\/em>. Clement of Alexandria states: \u201cWe are commanded to reverence and to honor [Christ] \u2026 not on special days, as some others, but doing this continually in our whole life, and in every way.\u201d <sup>2<\/sup> Origen further explains that Christians need to worship by \u201can upright course of life,\u201d highlighting that \u201cthe worshipper of God is he whose life is regulated by the principles and precepts of the divine word.\u201d <sup>3<\/sup> Early Christians did not call their meeting on Sunday \u201cworship,\u201d but a meeting in memory of the Lord\u2019s resurrection. The meeting\u2019s main content was for the attendants to hear the Word and to receive the communion; believers were thus expected to learn about the truth, remember the grace of the Lord and to have their lives transformed. In addition, their worship and service to God did not finish at the end of the meeting. On the contrary, after the meeting, believers went out giving alms to those in need, and put the message of the Lord into practice; besides, deacons also sent out the remaining bread and wine to their sick members, as a sign of showing the unity of the community.<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Undoubtedly, it is challenging for common Christians to remember that we have to worship and serve God through our lives. Thus, <em><strong>the medieval church<\/strong><\/em> tried hard to integrate the worship of God into the believers\u2019 <em><strong>life cycle<\/strong><\/em>. These measures covered the various significant phases of life, including infant baptism upon one\u2019s birth and confirmation in one\u2019s adulthood, marriage when two join together as husband and wife, and anointing of the sick on one\u2019s deathbed. Moreover, the Liturgical Calendar was widely used: from the Season of Christmas to the Season of Epiphany, followed by the Season of Lent, Easter, the Season after Pentecost, the Season of Advent, and back to Christmas. There were also regular weekly meetings. Apart from the Mass every Sunday, cathedrals held Mass every morning and evening; even small rural chapels often held a few meetings during weekdays, reminding their Christians about the salvation of the Lord. The monastic communities even have Canonical Hours, a divine service consisting of seven separate hours a day which included Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers, and Compline. The practice of fixed-hour prayers, from one\u2019s waking up in the early morning to late night when one went to bed, was to remind monks and nuns to live a life of worship and service to God with awe and thankful hearts.<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000During the early <em><strong>Reformation<\/strong><\/em> period, famous reformers continued this medieval tradition to a certain extent. Both the Lutheran and the Reformed churches adopted the Liturgical Calendar and held many meetings on weekdays. Martin Luther preached three times every Sunday, taught on catechisms every Monday and Tuesday morning, studied the Gospel of Matthew on Wednesday morning, taught about the letters of the apostles or other books of New Testament on Thursday and Friday mornings, and gave sermon on the Gospel of John on Saturday nights. John Calvin also demanded that pastors preach three times every Sunday, and organize early morning preaching events every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Furthermore, all reformers maintained that Christians need to worship God through their <em><strong>life practices<\/strong><\/em>. Just as Luther said, \u201cGod does not want hearers and repeaters of words, but doers and followers who exercise the faith that works by love.\u201d <sup>4<\/sup> Indeed, the sixteenth-century reformers changed the name of the Sunday meeting from \u201cMass\u201d to \u201cWorship.\u201d We must examine their reasoning behind the change. As Luther criticized, the Roman Catholics at that time turned the liturgy into a means for earning God\u2019s grace and salvation, which resulted in the loss of faith. <sup>5<\/sup> Therefore, the Church must use a language understood by the common people for preaching, so they may learn the true Word. The Word and the Sacraments should be the focus of church worship services, in order to train and build up believers, enabling them to grow in the true Word. <sup>6<\/sup> In Luther\u2019s eyes, the function of public worship is not to praise God through participating in the meeting, but to <em><strong>build up the lives of believers<\/strong><\/em>, so that they can have faith and serve the Lord in everyday life.<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000From the above review, we can conclude that the idea of focusing our worship to the Triune God during one single meeting is not biblical, nor in accordance with the Church\u2019s traditions; it is a misunderstanding that arose later in the history. The true worship of Christians to God is to offer themselves as living sacrifices and to serve the Lord with their living witnesses that demonstrates the truth. It is something more than singing and listening to sermons in meetings. <em><strong>The essence of a worship service in church is to help believers understand, reflect, and deepen their Christian faith so that they can live out a life of worship and service to God in everyday life. <\/strong><\/em><\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #808080; font-size: 10px;\">\u00a0<\/h3><p style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><sup>*<\/sup> <em>This essay is a modified version of my article \u201cWorship vs. Life,\u201d Soulcare (Issue 42), May 2019, 5-7. <\/em><\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #808080; font-size: 10px;\">____________________________________________<\/h3><p style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><sup>1<\/sup> J. G. S. S. Thomson, \u201cWorship,\u201d in <em>New Bible Dictionary<\/em>, 2nd ed., ed. J. D. Douglas (Wheaton: Tyndale, 1982), 1262.<br \/><sup>2<\/sup> Clement of Alexandria, <em>Stromata<\/em> 7.7.<br \/><sup>3<\/sup> Origen, <em>Contra Celsum <\/em>8.10.<br \/><sup>4<\/sup> Martin Luther, <em>The Eight Wittenberg Sermons<\/em> (<em>LW<\/em> 2:392).<br \/><sup>5<\/sup> Martin Luther, <em>Concerning the Order of Public Worship<\/em> (<em>LW<\/em> 53:11).<br \/><sup>6<\/sup> Martin Luther, <em>The German Mass and Order of Service 1526<\/em> (<em>LW<\/em> 53:60, 80, 89).<\/p><p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5915d86 elementor-align-center elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-laptop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5915d86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/202005_eNews_Eng.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nathan Ng Professor of Christian Thought (Church History) The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus has forced many mass gatherings to be cancelled. Although many local churches have suspended fellowships, Sunday schools, special lectures and other types of gatherings, they still insist that &quot;only Sunday worship cannot be stopped&quot;; even if physical worship is stopped due to the severity of the epidemic, it is best to switch to online forms. The reason is that worship gatherings are considered to be the sacred time for believers to worship God as a group, and are the most core activities of the church. In addition, Hong Kong Chinese churches are paying more and more attention to worship, and there are more and more teachings and discussions on worship. In the early years of the worship and praise craze, hymn leading training almost became a necessary service equipment for the younger generation of the church. As pastoral leaders criticize the poor content of modern hymns, traditional hymns and worship rituals have shown signs of regaining attention. In the trend of the times that pay attention to worship gatherings, many scholars have tried to reflect from different angles such as music, rituals, theology, and pastoral care, hoping to build a more solid foundation for public worship and set a more accurate direction. What is the true meaning of worship from ancient times to the present? The author would like to point out that the modern church\u2019s understanding of public worship has deviated to a considerable extent from the Old Testament, the New Testament and the historical tradition of the church. In the Bible, \u201cworship\u201d is mainly translated from two Hebrew words, \u05e2\u05b8\u05d1\u05b7\u05d3 and \u05e9\u05b8\u05c1\u05d7\u05b8\u05d4, and two Greek words, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c9 and \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9, all of which have the meaning of \u201cserving\u201d. The New Bible Dictionary points out that &quot;there are many words related to worship in the Bible, but the main concept is &#039;service&#039;.&quot;1 Before his death, Moses warned the Israelites: &quot;If you forget the Lord your God and follow other gods to serve and worship them, I warn you today that you will surely perish.&quot; (Deut. 8:19; boldface words are emphasized by the author, same below) When the Lord Jesus was tempted in the wilderness, he also responded: &quot;Go away, Satan! For it is written: &#039;You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve&#039;&quot; (Matthew 4:10). It can be seen that worship and service are parallel and have the same meaning. Whether God&#039;s people worship or serve, the object can only be this almighty true God; the Israelites worshiped other gods and were punished (2 Kings 17:7); similarly, Christians cannot serve two masters (Matthew 6:24). Since worship is service, service cannot be limited to weekly worship meetings. The Israelites in the Old Testament emphasized that serving Jehovah meant worshipping Him with their lives and honoring Him as the only Lord to be worshiped and obeyed. The most obvious manifestation of this was obeying His ways and keeping the laws and regulations God issued through Moses (Deut. 10:12, 13:4; Josh. 22:5). The New Testament teaches more clearly about the life requirements of worship and service, which is to turn oneself into a living sacrifice to God. The New Chinese Version translates Romans 12:1 as &quot;Therefore, brothers, I have made a living sacrifice to God.&quot;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":148,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[273],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-273"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u656c\u62dc\u771f\u8ae6\uff1a\u5d07\u62dc\u805a\u6703\u6700\u91cd\u8981\uff1f - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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