{"id":77430,"date":"2024-11-25T16:46:38","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T08:46:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=77430"},"modified":"2024-11-25T16:47:14","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T08:47:14","slug":"the-disciples-training-of-the-united-church-of-christ-in-japan-during-the-pacific-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=77430\/","title":{"rendered":"The Disciples\u2019 Training of the United Church of Christ in Japan during the Pacific War"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"77430\" class=\"elementor elementor-77430\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-79eeeb6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"79eeeb6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-680a54d7\" data-id=\"680a54d7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52858873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52858873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: black; font-size: 24px;\">The Disciples&#039; Training of the United Church of Christ in Japan during the Pacific War<\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>SONG Jun<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">To what extent can national ideology penetrate, transform, and even distort Christianity? This article takes the United Church of Christ in Japan during the Pacific War as an object of observation. An examination of the faith practices of preaching, worship, and service advocated and promoted by the Church at that time reveals a high degree of homogeneity between the imperial nation and the Christians in terms of nationalism and values during the war, and that the latter were so patriotic as to be unwilling to stay back; instead, they were even willing to sacrifice their lives for the sake of the imperial nation. While this phenomenon reflects the success of half a century of brainwashing and indoctrination of the imperial ideology, it also makes us realize the seriousness and depth of the problem, that is, the United Church of Christ in Japan has integrated the deified Emperor with God, the Dai Nippon Shinkoku with the Kingdom of Heaven, and the subjects of the Imperial Kingdom with the disciples of Christ, and they did not find it contradictory or inappropriate. The case of the United Church of Christ in Japan during the war time will surely trigger more reflections on the Christian Church today. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Disciples&#039; Training of the United Church of Christ in Japan during the Pacific War SONG Jun To what extent can national ideology penetrate, transform, and even distort Christianity? This article takes the United Church of Christ in Japan during the Pacific War as an object of observation. An examination of the faith practices of preaching, worship, and service advocated and promoted by the Church at that time reveals a high degree of homogeneity between the imperial nation and the Christians in terms of nationalism and values during the war, and that the latter were so patriotic as to be unwilling to stay back; instead, they were even willing to sacrifice their lives for the sake of the imperial nation. While this phenomenon reflects the success of half a century of brainwashing and indoctrination of the imperial ideology, it also makes us realize the seriousness and depth of the problem, that is, the United Church of Christ in Japan has integrated the deified Emperor with God, <\/p>","protected":false},"author":148,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[162,337],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-162","category-337"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u8ad6\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u88dd\u5099 - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=77430\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u8ad6\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u88dd\u5099 - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Disciples\u2019 Training of the United Church of Christ in Japan during the Pacific War SONG Jun \u3000\u3000To what extent can national ideology penetrate, transform, and even distort Christianity? This article takes the United Church of Christ in Japan during the Pacific War as an object of observation. An examination of the faith practices of preaching, worship, and service advocated and promoted by the Church at that time reveals a high degree of homogeneity between the imperial nation and the Christians in terms of nationalism and values during the war, and that the latter were so patriotic as to be unwilling to stay back; instead, they were even willing to sacrifice their lives for the sake of the imperial nation. While this phenomenon reflects the success of half a century of brainwashing and indoctrination of the imperial ideology, it also makes us realize the seriousness and depth of the problem, that is, the United Church of Christ in Japan has integrated the deified Emperor with God,\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=77430\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HKBTS1951\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T08:46:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T08:47:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"wordpress_publish\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"wordpress_publish\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=77430\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=77430\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"wordpress_publish\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2eafe310aa0b48fb4f23702fc1ddd6c1\"},\"headline\":\"\u8ad6\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u88dd\u5099\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-25T08:46:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-25T08:47:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=77430\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":220,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"\u5c71\u9053\u671f\u520a\",\"\u7e3d\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u56db\u671f\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=77430\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=77430\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u8ad6\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u88dd\u5099 - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-25T08:46:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-25T08:47:14+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=77430\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=77430\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?p=77430\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u8ad6\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u88dd\u5099\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\",\"description\":\"\u4f60\u7576\u7aed\u529b\u5728\u795e  \u9762\u524d\u5f97\u8499\u559c\u6085\uff0c \u4f5c\u7121\u6127\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u6309\u8457\u6b63\u610f\u5206\u89e3\u771f\u7406\u7684\u9053\u3002\uff08\u63d0\u5f8c2\uff1a15\uff09\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/308627199_527069646090453_2622669530013377730_n.jpg?fit=315%2C315&ssl=1\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i0.wp.com\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/06\\\/308627199_527069646090453_2622669530013377730_n.jpg?fit=315%2C315&ssl=1\",\"width\":315,\"height\":315,\"caption\":\"\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/HKBTS1951\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/2eafe310aa0b48fb4f23702fc1ddd6c1\",\"name\":\"wordpress_publish\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/926889302d81cce3ebdfe828586eddc047eac2034614275b1c40a07b5307d965?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/926889302d81cce3ebdfe828586eddc047eac2034614275b1c40a07b5307d965?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/926889302d81cce3ebdfe828586eddc047eac2034614275b1c40a07b5307d965?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"wordpress_publish\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\\\/en\\\/?p=author\\\/wordpress_publish\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"On the Equipment of Japanese Christian Believers During the Pacific War - Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=77430\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u8ad6\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u88dd\u5099 - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662","og_description":"The Disciples\u2019 Training of the United Church of Christ in Japan during the Pacific War SONG Jun \u3000\u3000To what extent can national ideology penetrate, transform, and even distort Christianity? This article takes the United Church of Christ in Japan during the Pacific War as an object of observation. An examination of the faith practices of preaching, worship, and service advocated and promoted by the Church at that time reveals a high degree of homogeneity between the imperial nation and the Christians in terms of nationalism and values during the war, and that the latter were so patriotic as to be unwilling to stay back; instead, they were even willing to sacrifice their lives for the sake of the imperial nation. While this phenomenon reflects the success of half a century of brainwashing and indoctrination of the imperial ideology, it also makes us realize the seriousness and depth of the problem, that is, the United Church of Christ in Japan has integrated the deified Emperor with God,","og_url":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=77430\/","og_site_name":"\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HKBTS1951\/","article_published_time":"2024-11-25T08:46:38+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-11-25T08:47:14+00:00","author":"wordpress_publish","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"wordpress_publish","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=77430\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=77430\/"},"author":{"name":"wordpress_publish","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#\/schema\/person\/2eafe310aa0b48fb4f23702fc1ddd6c1"},"headline":"\u8ad6\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u88dd\u5099","datePublished":"2024-11-25T08:46:38+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-25T08:47:14+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=77430\/"},"wordCount":220,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#organization"},"articleSection":["\u5c71\u9053\u671f\u520a","\u7e3d\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u56db\u671f"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=77430\/","url":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=77430\/","name":"On the Equipment of Japanese Christian Believers During the Pacific War - Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-11-25T08:46:38+00:00","dateModified":"2024-11-25T08:47:14+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=77430\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=77430\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=77430\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u8ad6\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u65e5\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5718\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u88dd\u5099"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/","name":"Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary","description":"Do your best to present yourself approved to God, a workman who does not need to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. (2 Timothy 2:15)","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#organization","name":"Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary","url":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/308627199_527069646090453_2622669530013377730_n.jpg?fit=315%2C315&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/308627199_527069646090453_2622669530013377730_n.jpg?fit=315%2C315&ssl=1","width":315,"height":315,"caption":"\u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HKBTS1951\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/#\/schema\/person\/2eafe310aa0b48fb4f23702fc1ddd6c1","name":"wordpress_publish","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/926889302d81cce3ebdfe828586eddc047eac2034614275b1c40a07b5307d965?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/926889302d81cce3ebdfe828586eddc047eac2034614275b1c40a07b5307d965?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/926889302d81cce3ebdfe828586eddc047eac2034614275b1c40a07b5307d965?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"wordpress_publish"},"url":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=author\/wordpress_publish\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pgxLgt-k8S","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77430","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/148"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=77430"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77430\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77434,"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77430\/revisions\/77434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77430"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=77430"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=77430"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}