{"id":92758,"date":"2026-04-08T10:47:54","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T02:47:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/?p=92758"},"modified":"2026-04-30T11:52:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T03:52:30","slug":"see-suffering-as-suffering","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=92758\/","title":{"rendered":"See Suffering as Suffering"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"92758\" class=\"elementor elementor-92758\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e47810 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"0e47810\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f74ca23\" data-id=\"f74ca23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-326432a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"326432a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-326432a{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-716d230 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"716d230\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Curie Qu<\/h4>\nAssistant Professor of Christian Thought\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbb24bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bbb24bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/%E9%99%A2%E8%A8%8A%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0-4.png?fit=1024%2C512&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-92737\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8f8832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8f8832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>.elementor-element-d8f8832{display:none !important}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81e5abf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81e5abf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-no-translation=\"\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Three Kinds of Suffering <\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Whenever a major disaster occurs, faith communities often engage in renewed discussions of theodicy. Under the weight of disaster, such discussions tend to become emotionally charged, making it difficult to maintain a calm and rational spirit. In today\u2019s world, information spreads with unprecedented speed. Even the slightest misstep in a believer\u2019s words can provoke strong emotions among disaster victims and the public. Therefore, as we reflect on and discuss these issues, we must first pray, asking God to grant us compassionate hearts, wise minds, and cautious tongues.<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000In God\u2019s creation order, three major categories of suffering can be identified: <strong>(1)<\/strong> <em><strong>moral evils<\/strong><\/em><strong>: <\/strong>sins committed by humans through the misuse of their free will, such as murder, theft, and betrayal; <strong> (2) <em><strong>natural disasters<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> calamities that cannot be avoided even with the best preventive measures, such as earthquakes, fires, and traffic accidents; <strong> (3) <em><strong>the sorrows of life<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> whether stemming from human or natural causes, misfortune inevitably befalls some people, such as bereavement, physical disabilities, and depression. These three categories of suffering are, of course, not strictly separate but overlap and intertwine.<\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Challenges to Christian Faith<\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000Suffering and these evils are a reality that often shakes the very foundations of our faith. Both believers and non-believers may challenge the Christian faith from these three perspectives: <strong> (1) <\/strong><em><strong>the logical problem<\/strong><\/em><strong>:<\/strong> statement 1, \u201cGod is omnipotent and perfectly good,\u201d and statement 2, \u201cEvil exists,\u201d are logically incompatible; <strong> (2) <\/strong> <em><strong>the evidential problem<\/strong><\/em><strong>:<\/strong> the existence of evil serves as evidence against God\u2019s existence\u2014either God does not exist, or God is not omnipotent or perfectly good; <strong> (3) <\/strong> <em><strong>the existential problem<\/strong><\/em><strong>:<\/strong> setting aside purely rational arguments, we are in fact beset by various forms of suffering, leading us to exclaim, \u201cThis is meaningless!\u201d or \u201cThis shouldn\u2019t be happening! At least, it shouldn\u2019t be happening to me!\u201d<\/p><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000In response to the challenges from the logic and evidential problems, <em><strong>G. W. Leibniz<\/strong><\/em> argues that the actual world, despite the existence of suffering, is still \u201cthe best of all possible worlds.\u201d As an omniscient, omnipotent, and perfectly good being, God created this world with the best intentions. The existence of evil and suffering in this world serves to realize a greater good or a long-term purpose. <em><strong>G. W. F. Hegel <\/strong><\/em>holds a similar view, arguing that suffering is a necessary condition for the realization of a higher good. Both Leibniz and Hegel adopted a detached, purely rational approach that distanced themselves from the realities of disaster. <em><strong>While such responses may be valid on rational grounds, for those suffering in real life, \u201crationalizing\u201d may abstract\u2014or even \u201cnullify\u201d\u2014their concrete experience of suffering. <\/strong><\/em> Those still plagued by disaster may well ask: Is my current hardship merely the \u201cnecessary cost\u201d or \u201cnecessary means\u201d for God to achieve the greatest good? Am I simply a disposable pawn in God\u2019s grand chess game that He will win in the end?<\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Seeing Suffering as Suffering<\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000As an old Chinese saying goes, \u201cthe way of heaven is distant, but the way of humans is near.\u201d If responses to the logic and evidential problems seem too abstract (not that they are unimportant, but that they may not fully address the circumstances of sufferers), we might approach the issue from a third perspective: viewing the concrete suffering as lived reality. <em><strong>From the perspective of those who suffer<\/strong><\/em>, we must first avoid abstracting the problem of suffering as the previous two approaches tend to do\u2014starting with a general concept of suffering and arguing theoretically for its inevitability. Instead, we must face and take real suffering seriously, addressing suffering on its own terms. Second, <em><strong>we must not force a seemingly \u201cspiritually correct\u201d explanation onto every real suffering<\/strong><\/em>: \u201cGod wants you to let go of everything and look to Him alone,\u201d or \u201cIn your pain, you will experience God\u2019s grace and care more deeply.\u201d Some suffering may simply be gratuitous. We do not know why it occurs, nor why it afflicts a particular person. If we insist on assuming the role of an all-knowing interpreter who must find a rational explanation for every instance of suffering, we risk repeating the error made by Job\u2019s three friends. In fact, <em><strong>we can mourn with those who mourn<\/strong><\/em>. We can share with the grieving people the story of Job, or the life stories of the writer Xing Linzi (Liu Xia) and the evangelist and motivational speaker Nick Vujicic. This may help them and bring them comfort. Of course, it may not work because there is always a deep divide between accounts of others\u2019 suffering and the suffering one endures firsthand.<\/p><h3 class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color: #235ba8; font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Endurance and Hope<\/strong><\/h3><p align=\"\u201cjustify\u201d\">\u3000\u3000When Martin Luther lost his beloved thirteen-year-old daughter in his later years, he said, \u201cIt\u2019s strange to know that she is surely at peace and that she is well off there, very well off, and yet to grieve so much!\u201d He also quoted Matthew 26:41, lamenting, \u201cThe spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.\u201d Because our flesh is weak, we may question God in the midst of suffering, grow angry with Him, and find ourselves unable to utter words of thanksgiving and praise in prayer. This is only human\u2014we are all inherently weak in this way. But on the other hand, we must also recognize this: <em><strong>As long as the smoldering wicks have not yet been quenched and the bruised reeds have not been broken, life must go on, and faith must be restored. Even if some wicks have indeed been extinguished, and some reeds have truly been broken, that is not the end\u2014at the end of the road, the Lord who has risen from the dead awaits us there, ready to welcome us into our eternal heavenly home. <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Curie Qu, Assistant Professor of Christian Thought. Three Types of Suffering Whenever a major disaster occurs in the world, theodicy is often raised again for repeated discussion within the faith community. Due to the impact of the disaster, such discussions are often mixed with strong emotions, making it difficult to remain calm and rational. In today&#039;s era, information flows exceptionally quickly, and a slight misstep in the statements of believers may trigger the sensitive emotions of the affected groups and the public. Therefore, when we reflect on and discuss these issues, we should first pray, asking God to grant us a compassionate heart, a wise mind, and a careful mouth. In God&#039;s creative order, three main types of suffering can be identified: (1) Moral sins: Crimes committed by humans abusing their free will, such as massacre, theft, and betrayal; (2) Natural disasters: Disasters that humans cannot avoid even with the best preventive measures, such as earthquakes, fires, and car accidents; (3) Life&#039;s suffering: Whether caused by human or natural factors, misfortune will always befall some people, such as the pain of losing loved ones, physical disability, and depression. These three types of suffering are not entirely separate, but rather overlap and intertwine. Faith challenging the existence of these sufferings often touches the very foundation of our faith. Believers and non-believers alike may challenge Christian faith from these three angles: (1) Logical problem: Statement one, &quot;God is omnipotent and all-good,&quot; is logically incompatible with statement two, &quot;Suffering exists&quot;; (2) Empirical problem: The existence of suffering is evidence that denies God&#039;s existence\u2014either God does not exist, or God is not omnipotent or all-good; (3) Existential problem: Leaving aside purely rational debates, we are in fact entangled in various kinds of suffering, making us sigh, &quot;This is meaningless!&quot; and &quot;This shouldn&#039;t happen! At least it shouldn&#039;t happen to me!&quot; In response to challenges from logic and empirical perspectives, G.W. Leibniz argued that our real world, despite the existence of suffering, is still &quot;the best possible world.&quot; God, as an omniscient, omnipotent, and all-good being, created this world with the best intentions. The existence of evil and suffering in this world is also for the purpose of achieving greater good or a longer-term goal. Hegel (GWF Hegel) held a similar view, believing that suffering is a necessary condition for achieving a higher good. Leibniz and Hegel responded with a detached, purely rational approach, detached from the realities of suffering. While this response may be rationally sound, for those currently suffering, &quot;rationalizing&quot; all their hardship might simultaneously abstract or even &quot;nihilize&quot; concrete suffering. Those still troubled by the disaster might ask: Is my current difficulty a &quot;necessary price&quot; or &quot;necessary means&quot; for God to achieve the greatest good? Am I merely a disposable pawn in God&#039;s grand game of victory? Suffering is suffering; &quot;the way of Heaven is far, the way of man is near.&quot;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":148,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[353,358],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-92758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-_2026","category-358"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u628a\u82e6\u96e3\u7576\u4f5c\u82e6\u96e3 - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hkbts.edu.hk\/en\/?p=92758\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u628a\u82e6\u96e3\u7576\u4f5c\u82e6\u96e3 - \u9999\u6e2f\u6d78\u4fe1\u6703\u795e\u5b78\u9662\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u74a9\u7406 \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388 Curie Qu Assistant Professor of Christian Thought \u4e09\u985e\u82e6\u7f6a \u3000\u3000\u6bcf\u7576\u4e16\u754c\u767c\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u707d\u96e3\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e2d\u5c31\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u4eba\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u795e\u6b63\u8ad6\uff08Theodicy\uff0c\u6216\u4f5c\uff1a\u795e\u7fa9\u8ad6\uff09\u4f86\u53cd\u8986\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u53d7\u707d\u60c5\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5f80\u5f80\u593e\u96dc\u8457\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u975c\u548c\u7406\u6027\u3002\u7576\u4eca\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u901a\u7570\u5e38\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u614e\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8868\u8ff0\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u89f8\u767c\u53d7\u707d\u7fa4\u9ad4\u53ca\u516c\u773e\u7684\u654f\u611f\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u53cd\u601d\u3001\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u5148\u8981\u79b1\u544a\uff0c\u6c42\u795e\u8cdc\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u540c\u60c5\u7684\u5fc3\u3001\u667a\u6167\u7684\u8166\u3001\u8b39\u614e\u7684\u53e3\u3002 \u3000\u3000\u5728\u795e\u7684\u5275\u9020\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b58\u5225\u51fa\u4e09\u985e\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u82e6\u7f6a\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u9053\u5fb7\u7f6a\u60e1\uff1a\u4eba\u985e\u6feb\u7528\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u800c\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u5c60\u6bba\u3001\u5077\u7aca\u3001\u80cc\u53db\u7b49\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u81ea\u7136\u707d\u96e3\uff1a\u4eba\u985e\u5373\u4f7f\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9810\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u707d\u798d\uff0c\u5982\u5730\u9707\u3001\u706b\u707d\u3001\u8eca\u798d\u7b49\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u751f\u547d\u82e6\u75db\uff1a\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u6e90\u65bc\u4eba\u70ba\u9084\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e78\u7e3d\u6703\u964d\u81e8\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u55aa\u89aa\u4e4b\u75db\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u6b98\u75be\u3001\u60c5\u7dd2\u6291\u9b31\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u985e\u82e6\u7f6a\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u622a\u7136\u5206\u958b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u91cd\u758a\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u7e54\u3002 \u4fe1\u4ef0\u6311\u6230 \u3000\u3000\u9019\u4e9b\u82e6\u7f6a\u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u89f8\u52d5\u6211\u5011\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u3002\u4fe1\u5f92\u548c\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u6311\u6230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u908f\u8f2f\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u9673\u8ff0\u4e00\u300c\u795e\u662f\u5168\u80fd\u548c\u5168\u5584\u7684\u300d\u8207\u9673\u8ff0\u4e8c\u300c\u82e6\u7f6a\u5b58\u5728\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5be6\u8b49\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u82e6\u7f6a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u795e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u2500\u2500\u8981\u9ebc\u795e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u795e\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u80fd\u6216\u5168\u5584\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5be6\u5b58\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u6487\u4e0b\u7d14\u7406\u6027\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u88ab\u5404\u7a2e\u82e6\u96e3\u7e8f\u7e5e\uff0c\u53eb\u4eba\u5606\u606f\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u6c92\u610f\u7fa9\u554a\uff01\u300d\u3001\u300c\u9019\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u767c\u751f\u554a\uff01\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u767c\u751f\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u4e0a\uff01\u300d \u3000\u3000\u5c0d\u65bc\u4f86\u81ea\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u5be6\u8b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u840a\u5e03\u5c3c\u8332\uff08G. 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