Hill Road Journal

Religious Commitment in a Pluralistic Society: An Old Testament Perspective

WONG Fook Kong

This essay begins with Brueggemann's observation about the “amazing pluralism” both within and without the Church. I agree with this statement with the qualification that this has been the experience of Asian churches all along. Pluralism both within and without its ranks is not new to Asian churches. When we look at the Old Testament against the background of the ancient Near East, it is evident that ancient Israel also lived in a pluralistic society. Different gods competed for loyalty among the nations. Within Israel too there were different views about YHWH . It is against these competing ideologies that the authors of the Bible affirmed their commitment to worship YHWH as the one and only God. Thus pluralism should not be a reason for abandoning one's commitment to worship YHWH as the one and only God. Rather, it is exactly in face of alternatives and competing claims that one needs to make a firm commitment to worship YHWH.

The Challenge of Religious Pluralism: The Book of Acts as a Test Case

Poling J. Sun

Since the 80s of the last century the issue of plural religiousism has become a challenge to Christian communities. Granted the highly developed connections among nations in this electronic age resulting in conversations and mutual influences, a plurality of cultural and religious phenomena seems inevitable. This is similar to the situation in which the early Christian communities found themselves, addressing and being addressed by a world characterized by cultural inter-penetration. With this in view, this article offers a study of several passages in the Book of Acts, attempting to explore how the early Christian communities encountered their surrounding culture in the course of finding their identity and appropriating their mission.

The Church and Pluralism in the Patristic Period: A Reconsideration of the Progress of Christianization of the Roman Empire during the Time of Constantine

Nathan K. Ng

The reason for the conversion of Constantine has long been a matter of scholarly debate. Traditionally, the emperor is believed to have been converted religiously by the power of Christ. Modern scholarship, however, tends to attribute the conversion to political reason. This article intends to reevaluate the controversial conversion through a reexamination of the progress of christianization of the Roman Empire.

The first section tries to show that the political stature of paganism was actually at that time much higher than the church. It would be very difficult to explain why Constantine chose to become a Christian if, as many modern scholars suggest, political stability was his sole concern. On this foundation, the second section argues that the emperor's bias towards Christianity was at least partially religious. Putting all evidences into consideration, a proposal of the spiritual journey of Constantine is tentatively reconstructed at the end of the discussion.

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Zhang Peiyi

Volunteer chaplain

Albert Cheung

Honorary Chaplain

There's a Chinese saying: "A country has its laws, and a family has its rules." Every country has its own system and laws that enable it to function smoothly and ensure social fairness and stability. Citizens have an obligation to respect these systems and abide by the laws. Similarly, every family has its own customs and norms, usually called "family rules," used to regulate the behavior of its members and cultivate good personal character. Family members have a responsibility to respect these customs and abide by these norms. Whether in today's society or in the Heroic society of the first century, the family is the most basic unit of society.Harmonious relationships among family members can promote social harmony, stability, and prosperity.

The household rules in the New Testament primarily concern teachings about mutual responsibility and respect between husband and wife, parents and children, and master and servant. In fact, the New Testament does not use the term "household rules." "Household rules" (German)HaustafelnThe term "household codes" originates from Martin Luther's *Short Questions and Answers*.Small CatechismWhen Luther toured the churches, he was surprised to find that many ordinary people lacked even basic knowledge of the doctrines. So he compiled a simple and easy-to-understand question and answer book to help children, new believers and seekers correctly understand the core teachings of Christianity. The content covers the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, family rules, etc., and the family rules explain the roles and responsibilities of each member of society and family.

The New Testament house rules are mainly found inColossians 3:18-4:1、Ephesians 5:21-6:9,as well as1 Peter 2:13-3:7Both Colossians and Ephesians discuss the relationships between husband and wife, parents and children, and master and servant within the family. However, 1 Peter focuses on the relationships between rulers and the people, master and servant, and husband and wife, without addressing the relationship between parents and children. Colossians is the earliest written family precept in the New Testament, while Ephesians elaborates on the family precepts of Colossians. This article primarily discusses the similarities and differences between the family precepts in Colossians and Ephesians.

Background of the New Testament House Rules

In the first century, family rules already existed in the Heroic world. Aristotle formulated some family rules, which he called household management (Greek for "household administration").oikonomiaHousehold management (English: household management) encompassed relationships between husband and wife, father and son, and master and servant, aiming to uphold the rights of the powerful and maintain order and stability within the family and society. At that time, household management was entirely biased towards the male head of the household, focusing solely on the wife's responsibilities to her husband, the children's responsibilities to their father, and the servants' responsibilities to their master. In the Heroic world of the first century, the male head of the household (Latin: ...)paterfamiliasThe father of the family (in English) holds absolute and unquestionable power within the family, even controlling the life and death of his wife, children, and servants.
The New Testament's house rules serve to apologize, shepherd, and transform society. First-century Christians faced considerable tension with non-believers and the Roman government for several reasons: (1) In the Greco-Roman world, different regions and professions had their own deities and religious rituals. However, once a person became a Christian, they ceased to worship these deities and participate in religious ceremonies outside of Christianity, thus being perceived as lacking loyalty to their region or profession and out of step with the crowd; (2) Some Roman emperors promoted imperial cults, but Christians only worshipped the one true God and refused to participate. Furthermore, Christians referred to Jesus Christ as King, thus being seen as disloyal to the emperor and even suspected of overthrowing the Roman regime.

The New Testament family rules aimed to demonstrate to the society and government of the time that just as the Roman Empire had family rules, so did Christians; that Christians, like everyone else, valued order, harmony, and stability within the family and society. While the New Testament family rules did not attempt to overthrow the social order or strive for complete social equality, they reshaped the male-dominated power structure of the traditional family, introducing teachings of mutual responsibility and respect among family members, because Christians believed that everyone has one Lord and is accountable to God. The New Testament family rules gradually transformed family and social relationships at the time.

The prerequisite for practicing the New Testament house rules

It is easy to imagine that it would not be easy for a male head of household accustomed to absolute power to restrain or relinquish some of his existing authority. In fact, people in different roles, whether in the family or in society, need different kinds of power; the proper use of power is essential. But power often corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Before outlining the house rules, Ephesians reminds Christians of their new identity. They are new creations in Christ, therefore they must put off the old self, which is reflected in their former ways, and be renewed in the spirit of their minds. They must put on the new self, created in the image of God, in true righteousness and holiness (Ephesians 4:22-23). Moreover, Christians are a community filled with the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 5:18); with the help of the Holy Spirit, they are able to live godly lives and practice the teachings of the New Testament house rules.

Before discussing the teachings of house rules, Paul first presents a basic principle, which is..."Submit to one another in reverence for Christ."(Ephesians 5:21; bold text added by the author, the same below). In typical Roman families, only the wife submits to the husband, the children to the father, and the servants to the master. But in Christian families, each member also needs to respect one another and willingly serve one another. Christians submit to one another not because of social pressure or the desire for praise, but because of their fear of Christ and their out of reverence for Christ, for Christ is the common Lord of all Christians, and Christ has set an example of sacrifice for believers.

The contents of the New Testament house rules

Although the house rules in the New Testament differ from those in the Heroic world at that time, and put forward the mutual responsibilities of wives and husbands, children and parents, and servants and masters, they still follow the tradition of first discussing the responsibilities of subordinates, namely the wife's responsibility to her husband, the children's responsibility to their parents, and the servants' responsibility to their masters, before discussing the responsibilities of the head of the household.

Mutual responsibility between wife and husband

Regarding the mutual responsibilities between wives and husbands, Colossians teaches only two verses: "Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands, as is fitting in the Lord. Husbands, love your wives and do not mistreat them" (Colossians 3:18-19). Ephesians also uses the relationship between the church and Christ as a metaphor for the relationship between wives and husbands. Wives should submit to their husbands as they submit to the Lord Christ. Just as the church submits to Christ, so should wives submit to their husbands. Besides explaining the wife's responsibility to her husband, Ephesians also explains the husband's responsibility to his wife: husbands should love their wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her.

　　The house rules of Heroic society only required wives to submit to their husbands, but the New Testament house rules also require husbands to love their wives.Ephesians further illustrates how a husband should love his wife with two parables: First, a husband should love his wife with...Sacrificial loveFirst, love your wife as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her (Christ 5:25); second, a husband should love his wife as he loves his own body (Christ 5:28). A normal person doesn't harm their body; they always take care of it. A husband should cherish his wife with the same care he takes for his own body. After marriage, a man and woman become one, inseparable; therefore, loving one's wife is like loving oneself.

When summarizing the relationship between husband and wife in Ephesians, the author first mentions how husbands should treat their wives: "Each of you should love your wife as yourself, and the wife should respect her husband" (Ephesians 5:33). The author may have been subtly trying to transform the values of society at that time. We often hear the saying, "Men need respect, women need love"; men crave affirmation and respect, while women need to feel loved and accepted. If a husband receives affirmation and respect from his wife, he will love her more; similarly, if a wife feels her husband's love and acceptance, she will respect him more, forming a positive interaction and cycle. In today's society of gender equality, husbands and wives both need love and respect, only the degree to which men and women need love and respect may differ slightly.

Mutual responsibility between children and parents

Regarding the responsibilities of children to their parents, Colossians teaches: "You children, you must..."EverythingObey your parents, for this pleases the Lord.” (Ephesians 3:20) Children, especially minor children, should always obey their parents' teachings; this is God's will. Ephesians adds a condition to this obedience: “You children should…”In the Lord"It is only natural to obey one's parents." (Acts 6:1) Children should obey their parents, but Christ is ultimately our Lord. If the teachings of parents contradict God's will, biblical truth, moral norms, or legal regulations, children should not obey them. For it is right to obey God rather than man (Acts 5:29).

Furthermore, Ephesians states that those who honor their fathers and mothers will be blessed and enjoy long life on earth; this is the first commandment with a promise (Ephesians 6:2-3). The first four commandments concern the relationship between man and God, while the remaining six concern relationships between people. The first of the latter, the fifth commandment, is "Honor your father and your mother." This commandment promised that the Israelites who kept it would live a long and secure life in the Promised Land of Canaan (Exodus 20:12). Similarly, today, believers, with the help of the Holy Spirit, can keep the commandment to honor their fathers and mothers and live a long life on earth.

Regarding parental responsibility towards children, Colossians teaches: "Fathers, do not exasperate your children, lest they become discouraged" (Colossians 3:21). In the past, parents often believed that only strict discipline could raise good children. When children behaved well, parents would simply keep it to themselves, without offering affirmation or praise, fearing it would "praise them badly." However, when children behaved poorly or did not meet their parents' expectations, they would criticize or reprimand them, often causing the children to become disheartened. Today, some parents go to the other extreme, always protecting their children and rarely requiring them to fulfill their own responsibilities. As a result, children become self-centered and unable to cope with setbacks. Therefore, Ephesians adds: "But bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord" (Ephesians 6:4b, rev. 1950). Parents should not only make their children feel their love, but also help them learn to respect God and love others according to biblical teachings.

Mutual responsibility between servant and master

Regarding the servant's responsibility to their master, Ephesians (6:5-9) and Colossians (3:22-4:1) teach largely the same thing: servants should obey their masters in all things and serve them faithfully. Even without the master's supervision, they should faithfully complete their work. Paul calls on servants to serve their masters with the same mindset as serving Christ, and to know that in serving their masters in this way they will receive an inheritance from God as a reward. Servants should understand that they are ultimately serving the Lord Christ. Regarding the master's responsibility to their servant, both Ephesians and Colossians have only one verse: masters should treat their servants justly. Ephesians adds, "Do not intimidate them" (6:9). Masters should know that both their servants and themselves have one Lord in heaven, to whom everyone is accountable. Ephesians further adds, "This Lord does not show favoritism" (6:9). Today, we may be masters (such as bosses, employers, or superiors), or servants (such as employees or subordinates), or even simultaneously hold dual roles—both superiors and subordinates, and both employees and employers. Therefore, the biblical teachings on the mutual responsibilities between servants and masters are equally applicable to us today.

Summarize

The New Testament house rules served to apologize, shepherd, and transform society. The formulation of these rules demonstrated to the Heroic world of the first century that Christians also desired social harmony and stability.The house rules of the Heroic world concentrated power in the male head of the household; the house rules of the New Testament, on the other hand, emphasize that each member of the household should submit to one another and have mutual responsibilities.Christian family members are able to submit to one another because the Holy Spirit dwells among them and knows that they all share the same Lord, who shows no favoritism. Although New Testament family rules have their historical context, they remain applicable to the world today. Today, Christians who follow the Lord's commands and have good spousal, parent-child, and servant-master relationships are able to bear a beautiful witness for the Lord and transform the world.

　　There is a Chinese saying: “A country has its laws, and a family has its rules.” Every country has its own institutions and laws, which ensure the smooth functioning of the nation and safeguard social justice and stability. Citizens have a duty to respect these institutions and abide by the law. Similarly, every family has its own practices and norms, commonly referred to as household codes, that regulate its members’ behavior and help foster good character. Family members have a responsibility to respect these practices and adhere to these norms. Whether in today’s society or in first-century Greco-Roman society, family remains the basic unit of society. Family harmony is conducive to social harmony, stability, and prosperity.

　　The household codes in the New Testament mainly consist of teachings on mutual responsibility and mutual respect between husbands and wives, parents and children, and masters and slaves. In fact, the New Testament does not use the term “household codes” (German: Haustafeln), which originates from Martin Luther’s Small Catechism. While visiting the churches, Luther was surprised to find that common people had little knowledge of even basic Christian doctrines. He therefore compiled a simple and easily understandable catechism to help children and new converts correctly understand the core teachings of Christianity. The content covers the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Lord’s Prayer, household codes, and more. The household codes explicate the roles and responsibilities of each member of the family as well as members of society.

　　The household codes in the New Testament are primarily found in Colossians 3:18–4:1, Ephesians 5:21–6:9, and 1 Peter 2:13–3:7. Both Colossians and Ephesians discuss relationships within the family—between husbands and wives, parents and children, and masters and slaves—while 1 Peter addresses relationships between rulers and the people, masters and slaves, and husbands and wives, without mentioning the parent-child relationship. Colossians contains the earliest household codes in the New Testament, while Ephesians further elaborates the household codes found in Colossians. This article focuses on the similarities and differences in the household codes found in Colossians and Ephesians.

The Background

　　By the first century, the Greco-Roman world had already established household codes. Aristotle formulated a set of household codes, which he termed “household management” (Greek: oikonomia). These codes covered relationships between husbands and wives, fathers and sons, and masters and slaves, aiming to uphold the rights of those in authority and maintain order and stability within the family and society. Household management at that time was entirely centred on the male head of the household, focusing solely on the wife’s duties to her husband, the children’s duties to their father, and the slaves’ duties to their master. In the Greco-Roman world of the first century, the father of the family (Latin: paterfamilias) held absolute and unquestionable authority within the household, even wielding the power of life and death over his wife, children, and slaves.

　　The household codes in the New Testament are relevant for apologetic, pastoral, and social-transformational purposes. First-century Christians faced significant tension with non-believers and the Roman government for the following reasons: (1) In the Greco-Roman world, different regions and trade guilds (collegia) had their own pagan deities and religious rituals. However, once a person became a Christian, he no longer worshiped these deities or participated in these pagan rituals. Consequently, they were viewed as lacking loyalty to their local community or trade guilds and became alienated from the general population. (2) Some Roman emperors at the time promoted the imperial cult, but Christians worshiped only the one true God and refused to participate. Furthermore, since Christians referred to Jesus Christ as King, they were perceived as being disloyal to the emperor and even suspected of plotting to overthrow the Roman regime.

　　The New Testament’s household codes were intended to demonstrate to society and government that just as the Roman Empire had its own household codes, so did Christians, and Christians, like everyone else, valued order, harmony, and stability in the family and society. The New Testament’s household codes did not seek to subvert the social order, nor did they strive for complete social equality; rather, they were reshaping the male-dominated power structure within traditional families by introducing teachings on mutual responsibility and respect among family members, because Christians believe that they all have a common Master, that is God, and are accountable to Him. The New Testament’s household codes served to transform familial and social relationships gradually.

Prerequisites

　　As one might imagine, it was no easy task to ask a paterfamilias, who was accustomed to wielding absolute authority within his household, to restrain himself or relinquish some of his established power. In fact, whether in the family or society, people in different roles require different levels of authority. The proper exercise of authority is essential. But power often corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Before setting forth the household codes, Ephesians reminds Christians that they have already been given a new identity. In Christ, they are a new creation. Therefore, they must put off their old selves, which belong to their former manner of life, and be renewed in the spirit of their minds, and fully become their new selves, created after the likeness of God in true righteousness and holiness (Eph 4:22-23). Furthermore, Christians are a faith community filled with the Holy Spirit (Eph 5:18). With the help of the Holy Spirit, they have the power to live godly lives and put into practice the teachings of the New Testament’s household codes.

　　Before turning to the teachings on household codes, Paul first sets forth a fundamental principle: “Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ” (Eph 5:21; emphasis added here and throughout). In typical Roman households, only wives submitted to their husbands, children to their fathers, and slaves to their masters. But in Christian households, all members need to respect one another and willingly serve one another. Christians submit to one another not because of social pressure or a desire for praise, but out of reverence for Christ and in the fear of Christ, for Christ is the common Lord of all Christians, and He has set an example of self-sacrifice for believers.

The Contents

　　Although the New Testament’s household codes differ from those of the Greco-Roman world, when outlining the mutual responsibilities of wives and husbands, children and parents, and slaves and masters, they still follow tradition by first addressing the responsibilities of those in subordinate positions—that is, the responsibilities of wives toward their husbands, children toward their parents, and slaves toward their masters before discussing the responsibilities of the head of the household.

Wives and Husbands

　　Regarding the mutual responsibilities of wives and husbands, Colossians contains only two verses: “Wives, submit to your husbands, as is fitting in the Lord. Husbands, love your wives, and do not be harsh with them” (Col 3:18-19). Ephesians draws analogies between marriage and the relationship between the church and Christ. Wives are to submit to their husbands, as to Christ the Lord. Just as the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands. In addition to outlining a wife’s responsibilities toward her husband, Ephesians also outlines a husband’s responsibilities toward his wife: husbands are to love their wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave Himself up for her.

　　While Greco-Roman household codes only emphasized wives’ submission to their husbands, the New Testament also requires husbands’ love for their wives. Ephesians draws on two metaphors to illustrate how husbands should love their wives. Firstly, husbands should love their wives with a self-sacrificing love, just as Christ loved the church and gave Himself up for her (5:25). Secondly, husbands should love their wives as their own bodies (5:28). A normal person would never harm his own body; instead, he always nourishes and cherishes it. A husband should cherish his wife with the same care he shows his own body. Once a man and a woman are married, they become one—there is no distinction between “you” and “me”—so loving one’s wife is to love oneself.

　　When Ephesians summarizes the relationship between husbands and wives, it begins by addressing how husbands should treat their wives: “let each one of you love his wife as himself, and let the wife see that she respects her husband” (5:33). The author may have intended to subtly transform the social values of the time. We often hear the saying, “Men need respect; women need love.” Men long for affirmation and respect, while women need to feel loved and accepted. If a husband receives affirmation and respect from his wife, he will love her more; similarly, if a wife feels loved and accepted by her husband, she will respect him more, creating a positive cycle of interaction. In today’s society, where men and women are equal, both husbands and wives need love and respect, though the degree to which men and women seek these may differ slightly.

Children and Parents

　　Regarding children’s responsibilities toward their parents, Colossians states: “Children, obey your parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord” (3:20). It is God’s will that children, especially those who are minors, always heed their parents’ guidance. Regarding obedience to parents, Ephesians adds a qualifying condition: “Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right” (6:1). Children ought to obey their parents, but after all, ultimately Christ is our Lord. If a parent’s instruction contradicts God’s will, biblical truth, moral standards, or legal requirements, children must not obey. For we must obey God rather than people (Acts 5:29).

　　Furthermore, Ephesians points out that those who honor their parents will be blessed and live long in the land; this is the first commandment with a promise (6:2-3). The first four of the Ten Commandments concern the relationship between people and God, while the remaining six concern relationships among people. The first of the latter—the fifth commandment—is “Honor your father and mother.” This commandment promised that the Israelites who obeyed it would dwell securely and permanently in the beautiful land of Canaan (Ex 20:12). Similarly, believers today, with the help of the Holy Spirit, can keep the commandment to honor their parents and thus enjoy a long life on earth.

　　Regarding parents’ responsibilities toward their children, Colossians teaches: “Fathers, do not provoke your children, lest they become discouraged” (3:21). In the past, parents often believed that only strict discipline could raise good children. When children behaved well, parents would simply take pleasure in their hearts without offering affirmation or praise, for fear of “spoiling” them. But when children behaved poorly or failed to meet their parents’ expectations, they would be criticized or rebuked, often causing them to become discouraged and lose heart. Today, however, some parents have shifted to the other extreme, defending their children at every turn and rarely requiring them to fulfill their responsibilities. As a result, their children become self-centred and have difficulty coping with setbacks. Therefore, Ephesians adds: “… but bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord” (6:4b). Parents should not only let their children feel their love but also, in accordance with the Bible’s teachings, help them learn to honor God and love others.

Slaves and Masters

　　Regarding the responsibilities of slaves toward their masters, the teachings in Ephesians (6:5-9) and Colossians (3:22–4:1) are largely the same: slaves are to obey their masters in everything and serve them sincerely. Even when their masters are not watching, they are to perform their work faithfully. Paul urges slaves to serve their masters with the same attitude they serve Christ, and to recognize that by serving their masters in this way, they will receive the inheritance from God as their reward. Slaves must understand that ultimately, it is Christ the Lord whom they are serving. Regarding the responsibilities of masters toward their slaves, both Ephesians and Colossians contain only one verse: masters are to treat their slaves fairly. Ephesians adds, “Stop your threatening” (6:9). Masters should realize that both they and their slaves have the same Master in heaven, and that they are all accountable to Him. Ephesians adds that this Master shows “no partiality” (6:9). Today, we may be masters (such as bosses, employers, or supervisors) or servants (such as employees or subordinates); more often than not, we hold both roles simultaneously, serving as both supervisors and subordinates and as both employees and employers. Therefore, the Bible’s teachings on the mutual responsibilities of slaves and masters are equally applicable to all of us.

Conclusion

　　The New Testament household codes are relevant for apologetic, pastoral, and social-transformational purposes. The formulation of these codes made it clear to the Greco-Roman world of the first century that Christians, too, desired social harmony and stability. While the Greco-Roman household codes concentrated authority in the father of the family, the New Testament household codes emphasize that all members of the household should submit to one another and bear mutual responsibilities. This mutual submission among Christian family members is possible because the Holy Spirit dwells among them, and they know that they all have one common Lord, who shows no partiality. Although the New Testament household codes have their historical context, they remain relevant in today’s world. When Christians today follow the Lord’s commands and cultivate healthy relationships between husbands and wives, parents and children, and masters and servants, they can bear a powerful witness for the Lord and transform the world.

Hong Meian

Master of Christian Studies

Angel Mei-On Hong

(MCS)

First, theology is not about teaching me to control God, but about teaching me to humbly know Him.

Before entering seminary, I had many questions about faith and some expectations of the church. I thought that studying theology would allow me to better grasp the faith and respond to the needs of the church. Looking back on this journey, I see that theology does not teach me to completely master God, but rather to humbly know Him more deeply.

II. God's church belongs to Him.

In the years leading up to my enrollment in Christian school, I was often frustrated by the divisions among Christians. I believed justice was paramount, yet I was also perplexed: why did we sometimes respond to brothers and sisters with hurtful words in the name of pursuing justice? In our efforts to uphold the truth, did we forget love? These questions unsettled me and deepened my fear of conflict and even war. I even wondered: would a third world war break out in my lifetime?

By learning about church history and different theological traditions, I gradually realized that the differences among believers are not a recent phenomenon.Even though the church is not perfect, God still reigns and preserves His church amidst human limitations and strife.Before, I knew in my mind that God was in control; now, I begin to find peace in my heart by understanding this truth, and my fear of war has unconsciously lessened.

Third, God sometimes responds to my struggles through people.

I had hoped to meet people who shared different views, so I could understand their experiences and perspectives. I had anticipated entering a tense environment, but God had prepared for me a group of friendly, sincere, and loving classmates. They are one of the most cherished blessings I received at seminary.The answer God gave me was not a theory, but a community that cares for one another.He not only taught me in the classroom, but also comforted and cared for me through the acceptance, love and example of my fellow practitioners.

Fourth, doubt can deepen faith, not destroy it.

I cherish the space and platform that the seminary provides for questioning and reflection. Questions are not a weakness to be hidden; rather, they can be an entry point to seeking God. Many people come with their own viewpoints, and I am no exception. The clash between the seminary's perspectives, church teachings, and personal experiences is different for everyone. When I understand why I believe and learn to trust God even without complete answers, my faith stands firmer.The seminary could not teach me everything, but it taught me how to continue seeking.

Fifth, knowing about God is not the same as truly knowing God.

Theological knowledge is invaluable, helping us read more accurately, think more humbly, and listen to the wisdom of believers throughout history. However, it cannot replace our relationship with God. Without praying, listening, and responding through the Holy Spirit, we may simply know a lot about God without truly knowing Him. I realize that evangelism is not about acquiring more knowledge to empower me to persuade and change others; it is God Himself who truly changes hearts. We must know Him more deeply through the Holy Spirit, and others trust in Him through the Holy Spirit, not through our own works.

As I graduate, I yearn to strive for the Gospel, teaching, and church unity. Administrative work is necessary; the church cannot exist entirely without administration and organization. However, administration itself is not the church's ultimate mission, but rather a means to support the work of the Gospel. Jesus commanded his disciples, "Therefore go and make disciples of all nations…" (Matthew 28:18-20). This mission is not entrusted to just a few preachers or theologically trained individuals, but to the entire church. Therefore, theological training for me is not merely about taking on another form of ministry, but about helping me better respond to this calling, hoping to help more believers dedicate their time and gifts to the ministry of evangelism, teaching the truth, and building up lives.

1. Theology Is Not about Mastering God, but Humbly Knowing Him

　　Prior to starting seminary, I had many questions in my heart and certain expectations regarding churches. I thought that studying theology would enable me to gain more knowledge and better respond to churches’ needs. Looking back on this journey however, I realize that theology was not about fully comprehending God, but rather led me to humbly know him more.

2. The Church Belongs to God

　　The few years leading up to beginning seminary, I was often frustrated by divisions among Christians. I believe justice is important, yet I was puzzled: “Why do we sometimes respond to brothers and sisters who hold different views with hurtful words in the name of justice? As we try to uphold the truth, do we forget to love one another?” These questions troubled me and deepened my fear of conflict and even war. I sometimes wonder if a Third World War would happen in my lifetime.

　　Through studying church history and various theological traditions, I have gradually come to understand that divisions among believers are not new. Even though churches may not be perfect, God is still sovereign, and he keeps his church regardless of human limitations and conflicts. In the past, I only knew in my mind that God was in control; now I genuinely experience peace through his truth. This has even gradually lessened my fear toward the idea of war and conflicts.

3. Sometimes God Responds to My Struggles through Others

　　I was hoping by interacting directly with people whose thoughts are different from mine, that I can better understand their experiences and perspectives. I expected there might be tension, but God prepared for me a group of kind, sincere, and loving classmates. They are one of the blessings I cherish most during my time at the seminary. God’s answer to me was not a set of theories, but a community that cares for one another. He not only taught me in the classroom, but also comforted and cared for me through the acceptance and love I received, and through the good example set by my classmates.

4. Doubts Can Deepen Faith Rather than Destroy It

　　I truly appreciate the space and platform that the seminary provides for us to question and reflect. Doubts are not weaknesses; rather they can serve as a gateway to seeking God. Many people come to seminary with their own perspectives, and I am no exception. The interactions between the seminary’s perspectives, the church’s teachings, and one’s personal experiences bring different challenges for each individual. As I came to understand why I believe and learned to trust God even without having all the answers, my faith actually grew stronger. The seminary could not teach me everything, but it taught me how to keep seeking God.

5. Knowing about God Is Not Equal to Knowing God

　　Theological knowledge is valuable. It helps us read more accurately, think more humbly, and learn from the wisdom of past believers. However, it cannot replace our relationship with God. Without praying, listening, and responding to God through the Holy Spirit, we may end up merely knowing a great deal of information about God without actually knowing him. I have come to realize that sharing the gospel does not depend on acquiring more knowledge and trying to persuade and change others. It is God himself who changes people’s hearts. We must rely on the Holy Spirit to know him more. Likewise, people come to trust the LORD through the Holy Spirit, and not through our own efforts.

　　After graduation, I am eager to devote myself to evangelism, Bible teaching, and church unity. Administrative work is important; a church cannot function without any administration and organization. However, administration itself is not the ultimate mission of the church, but a means to support gospel works. Jesus commanded his disciples: “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations …” (Mt 28:18-20). This mission is not only entrusted to a selected few, to pastors or to those with theological training, but to the entire church. Therefore, theological training for me is not merely about taking on a new position at church, but about helping me respond more effectively to Jesus’ calling, and I hope to help more believers devote their time and gifts to evangelism, teaching the truth, and building up lives.

Liu Zhiyin

Master of Divinity

Yannie Lau

(M.Div.)

What matters in God's eyes? What matters is...

I remember when I first enrolled, a senior mentioned that "many things (including people and events) are more important than grades." I didn't quite understand at first, but later I realized that this statement echoed the reminder my teacher gave me at the spiritual training camp when I first enrolled: "What is most important in the eyes of the Lord? What is it that pleases Him?" Three years later, I began to understand that what is important is not proving oneself to Him or others, but focusing on the Lord, responding to His love, and living out the life of Christ.

From responding to the Lord's love to learning and serving

God is all-knowing; He knew my limitations and weaknesses before He called me. In my three-year theological journey, I have come to understand that I can only rely on the Lord's grace every day to allow God to renew and change my life.To please the Lord is to focus on Him and make good use of everything He has given us to love Him and others.Learning and serving are not mutually exclusive, but rather mutually enriching. We learn knowledge to respond to the Lord's call and love, to know the Lord better, to learn His love, and to serve Him well; we serve among people to respond to their needs, to practice love, to respond to the Lord, and thus to learn and better understand what love is.

Trust in your weakness and experience God's abundance.

God let meLearn to rely on the Lord's grace even in weakness.This was an immense challenge for me. During the summer break of my first year of high school, several family members fell ill and passed away; I also suffered a torn ligament in my right shoulder due to an accident, limiting the movement of my right hand. The long rehabilitation process made me doubt whether I could continue my studies. In this struggle, God taught me to trust Him completely even more in times of weakness. I continued my rehabilitation while completing my studies, and even served alongside my classmates in the student council. Perhaps the initial motivation for serving was simply a willing heart, not focusing on the fact that I lacked the means to serve God. I never imagined I could serve the Lord peacefully and joyfully despite these limitations. I thank God for allowing me to experience His abundance.

From intellectual understanding to heart understanding

Another senior colleague reminded me: "When studying theology, you often use this part (pointing to the mind) to know God, but don't forget to know God from this part (pointing to the heart)."Knowing God from the HeartThis includes drawing near to the Lord often, discerning His will, and personally experiencing the profound love of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ lived among people on earth, including healing the sick, casting out demons, and teaching them. Christ's incarnation embodied His sacrificial love and self-sacrifice, and taught His disciples to selflessly follow Him. Jesus, being the Son of God and the King of Heaven, willingly became a servant out of love, serving others and setting an example for us.

Learn from the community and understand the Lord's love.

Thank God, I have witnessed firsthand how my teachers, colleagues, and classmates lived out His love in the details of daily life: they personally washed my wounds before they healed; they cared for me, shared with me, and prayed for me when I was weak and lonely; they lent me an external keyboard when they learned I couldn't lift my right hand, took care of my daily meals, and went to the canteen to get food for me. They cared not only for themselves but also for others, and with the mind of Christ Jesus, they lived out what it means to care for one another, inspiring love and encouraging good deeds.Their example reminds me that I should cherish every opportunity to serve and love, no matter how small.

Learning and serving are not contradictory, nor is knowing God. Studying at seminary not only deepens our intellectual understanding of God but also allows us to learn from the Lord anew, understanding His love. We learn before the Lord every day, every moment, and we learn from one another in our community, embodying His love in Christ. The Lord knows our needs and knows our hearts; we pray that He will help and renew us, drawing us closer to His heart.

"By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another." (John 13:35)

Pray often and do not lose heart.

When I first enrolled, I asked my fellow students, "Studying theology takes a lot of time, and even then, we might not fully understand it. How can we balance serving others, caring for them, not neglecting our family and friends, and still finding time to pray and read the Bible?" They simply said, "You have to do that too." They seemed to offer no explanation, just smiled without saying a word, but now I'm beginning to understand what they meant. It's not that we can do it, but that we must still strive to try and obey, trusting and entrusting ourselves to the Lord who calls us. However, the most indispensable thing is prayer. The kneeling chair in the prayer room is inscribed with "Pray often" and "Do not lose heart" (Luke 18:1).Whether it is praying quietly alone or listening to the Word together in a group and interceding for one another, these are indispensable parts of our lives as disciples.

May the Lord continue to lead us forward, and may the Holy Spirit help us at all times, so that we may pray for and watch over one another on the way, becoming faithful servants who please Him, and living out the life of Christ who gave himself out of love.

What Matters in God’s Eyes? What Truly Matters Is …

　　I still remember when I began my studies at the seminary, a senior student once said to me, “Many things (including people and matters) are more important than grades.” I did not quite understand it at first, but later I realized that his words echoed what a teacher reminded us of during the spiritual formation camp at the beginning of the school year: “What truly matters in the Lord’s eyes? How do we live in a way that pleases Him?” Three years have passed, and I have come to understand that what matters is not proving myself to Him or to others, but focusing on the Lord, responding to His love, and living out the life of Jesus Christ.

From Responding to God’s Love to Learning and Serving

　　God is all-knowing. Even before He called me, He already knew all my limitations and weaknesses. During my three-year journey of theological studies, I came to realize that I can only rely on God’s grace day by day, allowing Him to renew and transform my life. To please the Lord means focusing on Him and making good use of all He has given me to love Him and love others. Learning and serving are not mutually exclusive—but rather, they enrich one another. We seek knowledge to respond to the Lord’s calling and His love—to know Him better, learn to love as He does, and serve Him faithfully. We serve others to meet their needs, put love into practice, and respond to the Lord, thereby learning and understanding more deeply what love truly is.

Trusting God and Experiencing His Abundance in Weakness

　　The Lord has taught me to rely on His grace in the midst of my weakness, which has been a tremendous challenge for me. During the summer break of my first year, multiple family members became ill and passed away one after another. In addition, I suffered a torn ligament in my right shoulder due to an accident, which limited the movement of my right arm. The lengthy rehabilitation process made me doubt whether I could continue my studies. Amidst my struggles, the Lord taught me to trust Him completely, especially in my weakest moments. I completed my studies while undergoing rehabilitation and even served alongside others in the student union. Perhaps what first motivates one to serve God is simply a willing heart—while not focusing on what one lacks and why one cannot adequately serve Him. I never imagined I could serve the Lord with peace and joy even with my limitations. I thank God for allowing me to experience His abundance.

Knowing God: From the Head to the Heart

　　My mentor reminded me: “When studying theology, we often come to know God in here (pointing to his head), but don’t forget to come to know God in here (pointing to his heart).” Knowing God in the heart involves drawing near to the Lord always, discerning His will, and personally experiencing the deep love of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ lived among people on earth, healing the sick, casting out demons, and teaching the truth. Christ’s incarnation embodied His sacrificial love and self-denial, and He taught His disciples to deny themselves and follow Him. Being both the Son of God and the King of Heaven, Jesus willingly became a servant to serve people out of love, setting an example for us.

Learning the Love of God in Community

　　I thank God for letting me witness how my teachers, seminary staff, and fellow students live out His love in even the small details of daily life. While my wounds had not yet healed, they cleaned and dressed them for me. When I was physically limited and feeling lonely, they took the initiative to care for me, share with me, and pray for me. Upon learning that I could not lift my right arm, they offered me an external keyboard, helped me with my daily meals, and even went to the seminary canteen to pick up food for me. They looked not only to their own interests but also to the interests of others. Having the same mindset as Christ Jesus, they embody what it means to care for one another and inspire one another to love and good works. Their example reminds me that even the smallest opportunities to serve and love should be cherished and embraced.

　　Learning and serving are not mutually exclusive, nor are the different ways of knowing God. Studying at the seminary involves not only gaining a deeper intellectual understanding of God but also renewing our hearts, imitating the Lord, and coming to understand His love. In every moment, we learn before the Lord, and together as a community we learn from one another, living out His love in Christ. The Lord knows our needs and understands our hearts. May He help and renew us, drawing us closer to His heart.

　　“By this all people will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another” (Jn 13:35).

Pray Always and Do Not Lose Heart

　　When I first began my studies, I asked the senior students, “Studying theology takes a lot of time, and even then, we might not fully understand it. How can we balance ministry and caring for others without neglecting our family and friends, while still finding time to be still and pray and read the Bible?” They simply replied, “You just have to do it.” They appeared to offer no explanation, only a smile. Now I begin to understand what they meant. It is not that we are capable, but that we must strive to obey, trust the Lord who has called us, and entrust ourselves to Him. However, the most indispensable thing is prayer. The kneelers in the prayer room bear the inscriptions “Pray always” and “Do not lose heart” (Lk 18:1). Whether we pray quietly in solitude or intercede for one another as a community after listening to the Word together, both are indispensable to our lives as disciples.

　　May the Lord continue to guide us forward, and may the Holy Spirit help us at all times, so that we may pray for and watch over one another along the way, become faithful servants who please Him, and live out the life of Christ, who gave Himself out of love.

Li Qiuyu

Master of Divinity

Qiuyu Li

(M.Div.)

One day in June, a classmate suddenly messaged me: "Good morning, Qiuyu! It suddenly occurred to me that I've never heard you say why you want to pursue further studies. You've sacrificed so much, especially your family life. What are the motivations and reasons behind that?" I vaguely gave a few reasons and admitted that sometimes I didn't fully understand the choices I made.This theological path may not offer clear answers at first, but it can still lead to unexpected encounters with God's grace.Beyond gaining knowledge and insights, this was also a journey of inner self-growth. I encountered my true self, met God, and met a community of true believers.

Meeting Yourself: Accepting Your True Self Amidst Fragmentation

From childhood, I've always considered myself a rather "well-behaved" person. In school, I was a "good girl" and a "good student." After marriage, I became a superwoman housewife. In church, I aspired to be a humble servant of Christ. I always secretly demanded of myself not to disappoint others and to strive to do my best… But after reading Parker J. Palmer's book, *Conversations with Yourself*…Let Your Life SpeakWhen asked, "Are you happy right now?", I almost lost control of my emotions. The thought, "I might really be living a life that isn't my own," terrified me. I've simply found a "sacred" way to live, but that's not who I truly am. When I quiet down, I don't even know what I like to eat or what I really want to do. I sense many inconsistencies between my inner and outer self, and this disconnect leaves me lost. I'm merely using various identities and affairs to mask my inner emptiness and brokenness.

I tried to confront my true self: confused, tired, lost, and helpless.I admit that there are many things I cannot do, and I acknowledge my weaknesses and needs. This is not a failure, but the beginning of faith.

Meeting God: Responding to His Call in Silence

Prayer is sometimes difficult for me because my childhood faith experience tells me that devout people spend a lot of time kneeling before the Lord in prayer. My past prayers were more about me talking, asking God to hear, or telling God my needs and waiting for Him to fulfill them. It was as if I were the initiator and God was the responder. (Spiritual Reading)Lectio DivinaBoth homecoming prayer and pilgrimage prayer have been very helpful to me. The common thread between them is...One should be quiet before God, listen to God's voice, and obey the promptings of the Holy Spirit..

In my relationship with God, I have never been, and should never have been, the initiator, but rather the responder. God seeks me because He desires me first (as Augustine said). Whether it is trusting, serving, or praying, these are not merely my actions, but His actions as well. What I need is to quietly listen to Him, to this Father who has always extended invitations and calls to me, and to believe that His love is eternally steadfast.

Encountering the Community: Building Together Amidst Differences

Some classmates have mentioned that seminary is mostly populated by introverts, and that I'm more of an extrovert. Others have said that the church is also predominantly populated by introverts, making it difficult to lead activities. My experiences in the faith community over the past two years have taught me that the most important factor in a truly cohesive community is not personality, but whether we are all willing to adjust ourselves in Christ. Because the foundation of fellowship is never about whether individuals are compatible or not, or whether their personalities match, but about fellowship through Jesus Christ and in Jesus Christ (as Bonhoeffer said).

Without Christ, even lovers who are deeply in love may break up, let alone a group of strangers who are originally unrelated. The people in the group are of different ages, have different understandings, and different personalities. Some are rational, some are emotional... Differences are precisely God's gift to the group, because each of us can only see one side of God. But when we listen to each other and learn from one another, the image of God becomes more complete among us.

I am grateful for the fellow travelers I have encountered on this theological journey. They are like brothers, pastors, teachers, and friends, offering me acceptance, respect, support, reminders, help, and companionship, which has given me a more personal understanding of "the church is the body of Christ." We are so different, yet we can build each other up.

May God continue to be gracious and guide me, so that I may meet Him in every moment, and meet everyone He has placed in my life.

　　One day in June, a classmate suddenly sent me a message: “Good morning, Qiuyu. It just occurred to me that you’ve never told me why you decided to pursue further studies at the seminary. You’ve sacrificed so much—especially your family life—so what’s the motivation and reason behind it?” I gave a few vague reasons and admitted that sometimes I might not fully understand the choices that I have made. On the journey of theological study, one may begin without clear reasons, yet still encounter God’s grace in unexpected ways. Beyond gaining knowledge and insight, this is a journey of inner growth above all. I have come to encounter my true self, to encounter God, and to encounter a genuine community of faith.

Encountering Myself: Embracing My True Nature amidst My Brokenness

　　Since childhood, I have been what you might call a “well-behaved” person. In school, I was considered a “good girl” and a “good student.” After getting married, I became a well-rounded homemaker. At church, I dedicated myself to being a humble servant of Christ. I always secretly demanded to myself that I would never let others down and I would always do my very best. But, while reading Parker J. Palmer’s book Let Your Life Speak, I was challenged with this question: “Are you happy right now?” I felt crushed, thinking that it may actually be true that “the life I am living is not the same as the life that wants to live in me.” This idea terrified me. I had simply sought to live in a “holy” way, but in reality, that was not my true self. In solitude and silence, I realized I barely knew what I actually liked to eat or what I truly wanted to do. I became aware of many inconsistencies between my inner and outer selves, and this disconnect left me feeling lost. I was merely masking my inner emptiness and brokenness with various identities and activities.

　　I tried to face my true self: chaotic, exhausted, confused, and helpless. I admitted that there were many things I could not do, and I acknowledged my weaknesses and needs. This was not a failure, but the beginning of faith.

Encountering God: Responding to His Call in Stillness

　　Prayer is sometimes difficult for me. My religious upbringing led me to believe that devout people spend a great deal of time kneeling before the Lord in prayer. In the past, my prayers were mostly me speaking—letting God listen—or telling God my needs and waiting for Him to fulfill them. It was as if I were the initiator and God were the one responding. Lectio Divina and Centring Prayer have been very helpful to me. What both have in common is that one must be still before God, listen to His voice, and obey the promptings of the Holy Spirit.

　　Now I realize that in my relationship with God, I have never been—and should never be—the one taking the initiative, but rather the one responding. God came to seek me out; it was He who first longed for me (as Augustine said). Whether it be trusting, serving, or praying, these are not merely my actions, but His. All I need to do is to be still and listen to Him, the Father who has been extending His invitation and calling to me all along, and to trust that His love is forever steadfast.

Encountering Community: Building up One Another in Diversity

　　A classmate once said that there are mostly introverts at seminary and that I am very extrovert. Some say that introverts make up the majority in churches, which makes it difficult to run activities. My experiences in faith communities over the past two years have taught me that what truly binds a genuine community together is not a personality type, but whether we are all willing to adjust ourselves in Christ. The foundation of fellowship has never been whether people are kindred spirits, or whether their personalities mesh, but rather communion through Jesus Christ and in Jesus Christ (as Dietrich Bonhoeffer said).

　　Without Christ, even well-matched lovers can drift apart, let alone a group of people who were once strangers to one another. Within the community, people may differ in age, perspective, and personality—for example, some are rational, and others emotional. These differences are precisely the gift God has given to the community, for each of us can see only one aspect of God. But when we listen to one another and learn from one another, the image of God becomes more complete among us.

　　I am grateful that during my theological journey, I met fellow pilgrims who are different from me. They are like brothers, pastors, teachers, and friends who offer me acceptance, respect, support, guidance, help, and companionship, giving me a deeper personal understanding of the truth that the church is the body of Christ. Though we are so different, we can build each other up.

　　May God continue to bestow His grace and guidance, so that in every moment I may encounter Him and every person He has placed in my life.

Chen Bairui

Master of Divinity

Patrick Chan

(M.Div.)

Pastor Chen, his wife Cailing, and their son Ruotian

Re-emerging on the path of theology

It has been exactly twelve years since I graduated with a Bachelor of Theology degree in 2014. At the beginning of my studies, I felt that in this era where the general public has a high level of education, simply having a Bachelor of Theology degree might be insufficient for pastoral ministry in the near future. Therefore, in my first year after graduation, I resolutely decided to return to my alma mater to pursue a Master of Divinity degree. Seeing many seniors and friends around me unable to complete a second degree for various reasons, I secretly resolved from the beginning to complete it and never allow myself to give up halfway. However, various changes occurred in the church, family, society, and personally, which at one point undermined my determination to continue my studies.Later, my wife was called to study theology, which became the opportunity for me to restart and complete my studies.Thanks be to God, I will be standing on the graduation stage with her this year.

Desire to grow and deepen

After suspending my studies and resuming my education, I noticed a subtle change in my mindset when attending classes and studying.What started as a simple academic requirement gradually transformed into a fervent desire to learn the Bible, theology, and practical skills.I increasingly hope to integrate my years of pastoral experience with my biblical and theological knowledge, and to find my own orientation among the many theological and ethical perspectives. Furthermore, I yearn to learn different ministry techniques from different teachers to aid my pastoral work and meet the needs of this rapidly changing world. Compared to the early stages of my studies, I am increasingly aware of my shortcomings and needs, and I have a deeper longing for growth and advancement to repay the Father's grace and meet the needs of my brothers and sisters.

Breaking through confusion and predicament

Over these twelve years, I have witnessed and heard the arrival and departure of various teachers and mentors. From them, I have learned different research approaches and their underlying methodologies in areas such as the Bible, theology, history, and practice. These different doctrines once left me quite bewildered and confused, especially when responding to the needs of the church and social issues. Are N.T. Wright's new perspective on Paul and Stanley Hauerwas's church ethics the only voice and way out? If we completely dismantle the Gospel message into fragments, are we really capable of reintegrating them? What is the value and significance of the achievements of the Reformation pioneers who devoted their lives to their work for us today? Can we really replace the efforts of the numerous pioneers of the Reformation to this day with the efforts of one or two generations? Do we truly understand their views and ideas? These intellectual struggles have troubled me for many years.

Later, Professor Zhang Kaixian's lectures on "Paul's Revelation" made me realize that biblical studies are not limited to a single, unchanging direction. While the voices of different scholars have their value, they also have their limitations. In the context of the church, we need to learn to listen to different voices (including those of brothers and sisters and scholars), discern God's current will for the church, and understand how God wants us to shepherd the flock (methodologically) and lead them to respond to the needs of this era. Furthermore, Professor Huang Fuguang's biblical theology helped me find my own place among the many different approaches to biblical study. It prevented me from merely parroting the ideas and opinions of certain teachers or scholars, and instead allowed me to begin establishing my own biblical theological stance and methodology. As stated in the book *Christian Theological Reflection*, every Christian is a theologian with their own faith-based reflections. As Professor Deng Shaoguang often reminded us in class: "Right faith, right conduct." Faith is not just about seeking understanding; true faith directly influences who we are and what we do. Finally, Professor Wu Guojie reminded us on several different occasions that the best way to understand a person's thoughts and life is to study firsthand materials, rather than relying on others' retellings. This made me more vigilant about people and things, no longer stopping at simple narration and retelling, but seeking original texts or more narrative perspectives, repeatedly comparing, reflecting on, and learning about what I know.

Finally, I thank every teacher, co-worker, classmate, family member, friend, and member of the church who has helped me on my theological journey. Most importantly, I thank the Triune God who saved me and called me. To Him be glory and praise forever.

The Rev. Chan, his wife RoseKelly, and their son Timothy.

Resuming the Theological Journey

　　It has been exactly twelve years since I graduated with a Bachelor of Theology degree in 2014. Upon graduation, I recognized that in an era where educational attainment is generally high, entering pastoral ministry with only a Bachelor’s degree might prove insufficient in the near future. Therefore, in the first year after graduation, I resolutely decided to return to my alma mater to pursue a Master of Divinity degree. Seeing that many of my seniors and close friends had been unable to complete their second degree for various reasons, I made a vow to myself at the very beginning of my studies: I would see it through to the end and never allow myself to give up. However, various changes in the church, my own family, society, and my personal life at times shook my resolve to pursue further studies. However, when my wife was called to study at the seminary, it was a turning point for me, and I chose not only to resume but to complete my studies. Thanks to the grace of our Heavenly Father, this year I will stand on the stage at the graduation ceremony alongside my wife.

Longing for Further Growth

　　After taking a leave of absence and then resuming my studies, I found a subtle shift in my mindset toward attending classes and studying. I was initially driven simply by the need to earn a degree, but then my motivation gradually evolved into a passionate desire to study the Bible, theology, and practical skills. I increasingly hoped to engage in a dialogue between my years of pastoral experience and the biblical and theological knowledge I have been acquiring, to integrate them, and to develop my own perspective among the many theological and ethical stances. In addition, I long to learn different ministry skills from various teachers, which will enhance my pastoral ministry and help me meet the needs of these rapidly changing times. Compared to the early stages of my studies, I have become increasingly aware of my own weaknesses and needs, and as a result, I now have a deeper longing to grow and deepen my knowledge—hoping to repay our Heavenly Father’s grace and meet the spiritual needs of my brothers and sisters in Christ.

Breaking through Confusion and Struggles

　　Over the past twelve years, I have witnessed the arrival and departure of various professors. From them, I have learned different approaches and methodologies in areas such as Bible studies, theology, history, and practical ministry. These differing schools of thought once left me feeling quite bewildered and confused. In particular, I wondered: When responding to the needs of churches and social issues, are N. T. Wright’s “New Perspective on Paul” and Stanley Hauerwas’s ecclesiological ethics the only voices and solutions? If we were to break down the message of the Gospel into fragmented pieces, would we be able to reintegrate them? What value and significance do the hard-won achievements of the Reformers—the fruit of their lifelong efforts—hold for us today? Can we possibly supplant the contributions of the countless sages since the Reformation with the efforts of just one or two generations? Do we truly understand their perspectives and ideas? These intellectual struggles have troubled me for years.

　　Later, as I attended Dr. Kai-hsuan Chang’s course on “Apocalyptic Paul,” I realized that biblical studies are not limited to a single, unchanging approach. While the perspectives of different scholars have value, they also carry limitations. Within the context of the church, we need to learn to listen to diverse voices (including those of fellow believers and scholars), discern God’s will for churches at this moment, and understand how (in practical terms) God wants us to shepherd His flock and lead them to respond to the needs of our time. Furthermore, Prof. Fook-kong Wong’s teaching on biblical theology helped me find my own path among the many different approaches to biblical study. It enabled me to move beyond merely parroting the ideas and opinions of this or that teacher or scholar, and instead beginning to develop my own biblical theological position and methodology. As stated in the book How to Think Theologically, every Christian is a theologian, with their own reflections on their faith. Prof. Andres Tang also frequently reminds students: “Right Faith, Right Action.” Faith is not merely about seeking understanding; true faith directly influences who we are and what we do. Lastly, Prof. Nathan Ng has reminded us on many different occasions that the best way to understand a person’s thoughts and life is to study primary sources rather than rely on others’ retellings. This has made me look more critically at all sources; I no longer rely solely on a single narrative or secondary sources, but instead seek out original texts or additional perspectives with repeated comparison, reflection, and learning.

　　Finally, I would like to thank every teacher, staff member, classmate, family member, friend, and fellow church member who has helped me on my journey of theological study. Above all, I give thanks to the Triune God who saved me and called me. May glory and praise be to Him forevermore.

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In 1951, the forefathers of the Baptist Church received their calling and established the Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary during a difficult time. Protected by the Lord, the Baptist Theological Seminary has grown continuously through transformation over the past 75 years, striving to fulfill its mission of theological education and research in Hong Kong. It diligently cultivates servant leaders with theological wisdom, spiritual character, and practical service abilities, nurturing generation after generation of pastors, missionaries, and believer leaders. Together with brothers and sisters, it builds up the church, expands God's Kingdom, and exerts influence in society, serving as salt and light, and witnessing to the Gospel of Christ and peace.

To commemorate the Lord's profound grace and love, our institution held a series of anniversary events under the theme "Standing in Christ, Facing the Future." In a world of chaos and constant change, only by standing firmly on the solid cornerstone of Jesus Christ can we navigate the turbulent currents of the world and face the unpredictable future, putting the true word of Christ into practice in this era. Among the most important anniversary events were the "75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Worship and Musical Concert" and the "75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Dinner." This issue of the institution's newsletter features photos from these two gatherings, allowing readers to relive moments from them.

Thanksgiving Worship and Musical Praise Meeting

On the afternoon of April 19th this year, our college held its 75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Worship and Musical Praise Meeting at the Kowloon City Baptist Church. The college choir, alumni choir, and choir members from nineteen Baptist churches formed a large joint choir of over 250 people, offering a sacrifice of thanksgiving and praise to the Lord together with brothers and sisters in Christ, becoming a beautiful mark of unity in serving God during this historic moment of "Baptism of God."

In 1951, our Baptist forebears, responding to a divine calling, established the Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary (HKBTS) during a troubled time. By God's grace, over the past seventy-five years, HKBTS has grown steadily amidst changing times, while striving to fulfill its mission of theological education and research in Hong Kong. Diligently nurturing servant-leaders who possess theological wisdom, spiritual character, and practical ministry skills, HKBTS has trained generation after generation of pastors, missionaries, and lay leaders. In unity with brothers and sisters in Christ, they have built up churches, expanded the Kingdom of God, and exerted a positive influence in society, serving as salt and light and bearing witness to Christ's Gospel of peace.

To commemorate the Lord's abundant grace and love, HKBTS has organized a series of anniversary events under the theme “Stand Firm in Christ, Advance Toward the Future.” In a world of turmoil and ever-changing circumstances, only by standing firm on the solid cornerstone of Jesus Christ can we face an uncertain future amidst the world's currents and put His truth into practice in this age. The highlights of the celebrations were the “75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Service and Concert of Praise” and the “75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Banquet.” This issue of the Newsletter features a selection of photos from these two events, inviting readers to relive the moments captured therein.

The Thanksgiving Service and Concert of Praise

On the afternoon of April 19 this year, HKBTS held a “75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Service and Concert of Praise” at the Kowloon City Baptist Church. On that day, the Seminary Choir and the Alumni Choir joined forces with choir members from 19 Baptist churches to form a single choir of over 250 singers. This choir, together with the congregation, offered a sacrifice of thanksgiving and praise to the Lord, creating a beautiful evening of unity and serving God during this historic moment for HKBTS.

"Please... grant us to encounter You in music and truth!"

Pastor Tang Rongmin, a member of the board of directors of the seminary, led the congregation in prayer for the seminary's educational ministry and for the day's gathering.

“We pray … that we may encounter You through music and truth!”

The Rev. Wing-mun Tong, a member of our Board of Directors, led the congregation in prayer for HKBTS's educational ministry and the events of the day.

"...together we will witness God's profound grace and love, and the historic moment of 'Baptism by God'."

Reverend Chung Chi-kwong, Chairman of the Board of Directors, welcomed all the friends who came to worship with us and gave a brief introduction to the college's recent situation and future prospects.

“… to witness together God’s profound grace and love, as well as this historic moment of HKBTS.”

The Rev. Chi-kwong Chung, Chairman of our Board of Directors, welcomed our friends from all quarters who joined us in worship and provided an overview of HKBTS's recent developments and plans for the future.

"The Lord Jesus Christ, the cornerstone!..."

A large choir of over 250 people sang "Christ, Cornerstone!" Their voices, melodious and powerful, resonated throughout the venue, deeply moving everyone present.

“Lord Jesus, the Cornerstone! …”

The joint choir of over 250 singers presented “Lord Jesus, the Cornerstone!” Their voices, melodious yet powerful, echoed throughout the venue, deeply moving the hearts of all present.

"This is our story of gratitude."

The college choir performed three stories of students on their faith journey in the form of mime: "Seeing the Lord's grace on the path of raising children", "Being a blessing to family members on the path of faith", and "Being loved by God on the path of theological study".

“"These are our stories of gratitude."”

The Seminary Choir presented three stories about students' journeys of faith through a pantomime: "Witnessing God's Grace in Parenting," "Becoming a Blessing to Our Families on Their Faith Journeys," and "Loved by God on the Seminary Journey."’

"I offer you a sacrifice of thanksgiving."

Our board member, Evangelist Yang Baohua, led the congregation in reciting the Response Text.

“"I will offer to You the sacrifice of thanksgiving."”

Ms. Po-wah Yeung, Honorary Secretary of our Board of Directors, led the congregation in reciting the responsorial prayer.

"Jesus himself approached them and walked with them..."

Reverend Chen Zhiqiang, Vice Chairman of the Board, read aloud from the Word of God, Luke 24:13-35, concerning the story on the road to Emmaus.

“Jesus himself drew near and went with them…”

The Rev. Che-keung Chan, Vice Chairman of our Board of Directors, read from Luke 24:13-35, the account of the journey to Emmaus.

"May you...hold hope in your hearts...stand in Christ, face the present together, and embrace the future."

"May you...hold hope in your hearts...stand in Christ, face the present together, and embrace the future."
Dean Tsao Wei-tung, in his speech entitled "Standing in Christ, Facing the Future: Hope on the Road to Emmaus," encouraged us to always have hope: to wait patiently, to believe that Jesus Christ is our salvation in times of trouble; to believe that the Bible is the source of hope; and to believe that practical theology, which takes the Bible as the source of hope, can appropriately respond to the challenges of the present.

“"I earnestly hope that you … will keep hope in your hearts … stand firm in Christ, face today's challenges together, and look forward to the future."”

President Joshua Cho, speaking on the theme “Stand Firm in Christ, Advance Toward the Future: Hope on the Road to Emmaus,” encourages us to persist in hope: to wait patiently, trusting that Jesus Christ is our salvation in times of trouble; to believe that Scripture is the source of hope; and to affirm that practical theology, grounded in Scripture as the source of hope, can respond appropriately to the challenges of our time.

Thanksgiving Dinner

That evening, our institute hosted its 75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Dinner at the London Grand Restaurant. Board members, faculty, students, staff, and friends from all walks of life gathered to reflect on God's blessings, exchange ideas, encourage one another, and enjoy a joyful time of fellowship. Guests included pastors and staff from Baptist and other denominations, friends from the theological community, leaders of Christian organizations, members of the Institute's Council, the president, general secretary, and standing committee members of the Hong Kong Baptist Convention, alumni, guests from afar, and brothers and sisters who care about "Baptismal God." We sincerely thank all members for their blessings and support!

Thanksgiving Banquet

That evening, HKBTS hosted a “75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Banquet” at the London Restaurant. Our Board members, faculty, students, staff, and friends from all quarters gathered to count God's blessings, commune with one another, share encouragement, and enjoy a joyful time of fellowship. Guests included pastors and ministers from the Baptist churches and other denominations, friends from the theological community, leaders of Christian organizations, members of our President's Council, the President, General Secretary, and Standing Committee members of the Baptist Convention of Hong Kong, as well as alumni from different years, guests coming from afar, and brothers and sisters who care deeply about HKBTS. We sincerely thank all these members of the body of Christ for their blessings and support!

"I rejoice, and thank God in my heart..."

As the banquet began, teachers, students, alumni, and guests gathered together to sing "Joy" in thanksgiving to God.

“Give thanks with a grateful heart…”

As the banquet began, our faculty, students, alumni, and all guests gathered together to sing “Give Thanks” as an expression of gratitude to God.

"Tonight, we are surrounded by distinguished guests... Christ family members sharing and exchanging blessings."

On behalf of the hospital, Chairman of the Board, Pastor Zhong Zhiguang, welcomed all the friends who came to offer their congratulations and express their gratitude with us. He also hoped that everyone would continue to walk with "Baptismal God" and work together to cultivate more servant leaders for God's Kingdom.

“Tonight, we are honored to have such a distinguished gathering … as members of the Lord’s family come together to fellowship and share in His grace.”

On behalf of HKBTS, Chairman of our Board of Directors, the Rev. Chi-kwong Chong, extended a warm welcome to all who joined us to celebrate and give thanks. He also expressed his hope that they would continue to walk alongside HKBTS, working together to raise up more servant-leaders for the Kingdom of God.

"May there be no shortage of soldiers, no retreat from the truth, and no slumber of the church."

Reverend Tong Wing-man, President of the Hong Kong Baptist Convention, congratulated the church on behalf of the convention and called on everyone and all churches to be partners with "Baptist God" and fight together for God's kingdom.

“"May faithful soldiers never be lacking, the truth never waver, and the church never slumber."”

The Rev. Wing-mun Tong, President of the Baptist Convention of Hong Kong, extended congratulations to HKBTS on behalf of the Convention and called upon all individuals and churches to partner with HKBTS in striving together for the Kingdom of God.

"Through seventy-five years of vicissitudes, we have tasted the Lord's grace; planting peaches and nurturing plums, the city is filled with fragrance."

Rooted in Christ, looking towards the future; tomorrow's spiritual palace, today's school.

Reverend Chung Kin-kai (left), Chairman of the Hong Kong Chinese Christian Churches Union, presented the church with a seven-character quatrain and a memorial seat on behalf of his union, wishing that God would continue to use "Baptismal God" to stand on the rock of Christ, nurturing more worthy workers, igniting the light of truth for the churches in Hong Kong, mainland China and the world, and glorifying the Father.

“Seventy-five years of trials and grace,
Peach and plum trees cultivated,
whose scent fills the city's space.
We look ahead with Christ as our base:
Tomorrow's spiritual temple,
today’s discipleship place.”

The Rev. Kin-kai Chung (left), Chairman of the Hong Kong Chinese Christian Churches Union, presented HKBTS with a poem and a keepsake on behalf of the Union, conveying their wishes that God would continue to use HKBTS so that it keeps on standing firm in Christ, the Rock, and train more faithful workers who will shine the light of truth for churches in Hong Kong, mainland China, and around the world, bringing glory to the Heavenly Father.

"The shepherd is the messenger of hope."

Dean Cao Weitong began by sharing short videos from three alumni, pointing out that one of the characteristics of "Baptismal Theology" theological education is to cultivate students' spiritual qualities of "faith, hope and love," and in recent years, it has focused on deepening the element of "hope," hoping that students will become pastors who convey hope.

“"Pastors are bearers of hope."”

President Joshua Cho began his remarks by referring to a short video in which three alumni shared their stories, noting that one of the distinctive features of HKBTS's theological education is its commitment to nurturing students' spiritual character marked by ’faith, hope, and love.“ In recent years, HKBTS has placed particular emphasis on deepening the element of ”hope“ so that students may become pastors who convey hope.

"Continue to lead the seminary on the path ahead, and glorify Your name."

Reverend Lee Kwok-hung, General Secretary of the Hong Kong Baptist Convention, led everyone in a prayer of thanksgiving and offered thanks for the 75 years of "Baptist God" nurturing countless workers of the Kingdom of Heaven, and prayed that the Lord would establish the college to continue to be faithful to its mission of theological education.

“We pray that You continue to lead the seminary on the path ahead, to the glory of Your name.”

The Rev. Vincent Kwok-hung Lee, General Secretary of the Baptist Convention of Hong Kong, led the congregation in the table prayer, giving thanks for the countless workers for the Kingdom of Heaven that HKBTS has nurtured over the past 75 years, and praying that the Lord would strengthen HKBTS to remain faithful to its mission of theological education.

Embark on the 7.5-second challenge!

The guests enthusiastically participated in the games, nervously pressing the timer. The three who came closest to 7.5 seconds received gifts, creating a joyful atmosphere.

The 7.5-Second Challenge

Guests enthusiastically joined the party game, stopping the timer with bated breath. The three participants whose times came closest to 7.5 seconds were awarded gifts, bringing joy throughout the dining hall.

"I am truly grateful to God... I have not forgotten the nurturing I received from Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary, which has made me a worker who is not ashamed and who rightly divides the word of truth."

The oldest alumnus that evening, 81-year-old Reverend Liang Deshun, has faithfully served the Lord around the world for many years. A year ago, upon learning of his alma mater's anniversary celebration, he planned to return from the United States specifically to attend and express his gratitude to God.

“I am truly grateful to God … I have not forgotten the training I received at the Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary, which has enabled me to be a worker who has no need to be ashamed, rightly handling the word of truth.”

The oldest alumnus in attendance that evening, the 81-year-old Rev. Peter Tuk-soon Leong, has faithfully served the Lord around the world for many years. Upon learning a year ago that his alma mater was organizing this anniversary celebration, he made plans to return from the United States specifically to attend and express his gratitude to God.

"Keep going, Baptismal God!"

Among the guests born in the same year the college was founded (1951) were alumni, former staff members, and church members, who offered sincere blessings to "Baptism God".

“"Go, HKBTS!"”

Among the guests born in the same year HKBTS was founded (1951) were alumni, former staff members, and church members, who offered heartfelt blessings to HKBTS.

"May 'Baptismal Spirit' continue to steadfastly fulfill the mission God has given us..."

Alumnus Reverend Chen Keping (right) has been a strong supporter of theological education ministry of "Baptismal God" for many years. He wishes the college to continue to steadfastly fulfill the mission God has given us and to continue to cultivate more workers of God.

“I hope that HKBTS will continue to steadfastly carry out the mission God has entrusted to us…”

Alumnus the Rev. Hak-ping Chan (right) has been a staunch supporter of the theological education ministry at HKBTS for many years. He expressed his hope that HKBTS will continue to carry out faithfully the mission God has entrusted to us and raise up more workers for the Lord.

I have something to say about baptism...

Each colorful greeting card, filled with heartfelt messages, carried the guests' blessings and gratitude to the college, filling the venue with warmth and laughter as they celebrated the college's 75th anniversary.

Blessings for HKBTS

Colorful greeting cards, each bearing heartfelt messages, conveyed the guests' blessings and gratitude to HKBTS. The atmosphere was filled with warmth and laughter as everyone came together to celebrate HKBTS's 75th anniversary.

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Zhang Peiyi

Volunteer chaplain

Albert Cheung

Honorary Chaplain

There's a Chinese saying: "A country has its laws, and a family has its rules." Every country has its own system and laws that enable it to function smoothly and ensure social fairness and stability. Citizens have an obligation to respect these systems and abide by the laws. Similarly, every family has its own customs and norms, usually called "family rules," used to regulate the behavior of its members and cultivate good personal character. Family members have a responsibility to respect these customs and abide by these norms. Whether in today's society or in the Heroic society of the first century, the family is the most basic unit of society.Harmonious relationships among family members can promote social harmony, stability, and prosperity.

The household rules in the New Testament primarily concern teachings about mutual responsibility and respect between husband and wife, parents and children, and master and servant. In fact, the New Testament does not use the term "household rules." "Household rules" (German)HaustafelnThe term "household codes" originates from Martin Luther's *Short Questions and Answers*.Small CatechismWhen Luther toured the churches, he was surprised to find that many ordinary people lacked even basic knowledge of the doctrines. So he compiled a simple and easy-to-understand question and answer book to help children, new believers and seekers correctly understand the core teachings of Christianity. The content covers the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, family rules, etc., and the family rules explain the roles and responsibilities of each member of society and family.

The New Testament house rules are mainly found inColossians 3:18-4:1、Ephesians 5:21-6:9,as well as1 Peter 2:13-3:7Both Colossians and Ephesians discuss the relationships between husband and wife, parents and children, and master and servant within the family. However, 1 Peter focuses on the relationships between rulers and the people, master and servant, and husband and wife, without addressing the relationship between parents and children. Colossians is the earliest written family precept in the New Testament, while Ephesians elaborates on the family precepts of Colossians. This article primarily discusses the similarities and differences between the family precepts in Colossians and Ephesians.

Background of the New Testament House Rules

In the first century, family rules already existed in the Heroic world. Aristotle formulated some family rules, which he called household management (Greek for "household administration").oikonomiaHousehold management (English: household management) encompassed relationships between husband and wife, father and son, and master and servant, aiming to uphold the rights of the powerful and maintain order and stability within the family and society. At that time, household management was entirely biased towards the male head of the household, focusing solely on the wife's responsibilities to her husband, the children's responsibilities to their father, and the servants' responsibilities to their master. In the Heroic world of the first century, the male head of the household (Latin: ...)paterfamiliasThe father of the family (in English) holds absolute and unquestionable power within the family, even controlling the life and death of his wife, children, and servants.
The New Testament's house rules serve to apologize, shepherd, and transform society. First-century Christians faced considerable tension with non-believers and the Roman government for several reasons: (1) In the Greco-Roman world, different regions and professions had their own deities and religious rituals. However, once a person became a Christian, they ceased to worship these deities and participate in religious ceremonies outside of Christianity, thus being perceived as lacking loyalty to their region or profession and out of step with the crowd; (2) Some Roman emperors promoted imperial cults, but Christians only worshipped the one true God and refused to participate. Furthermore, Christians referred to Jesus Christ as King, thus being seen as disloyal to the emperor and even suspected of overthrowing the Roman regime.

The New Testament family rules aimed to demonstrate to the society and government of the time that just as the Roman Empire had family rules, so did Christians; that Christians, like everyone else, valued order, harmony, and stability within the family and society. While the New Testament family rules did not attempt to overthrow the social order or strive for complete social equality, they reshaped the male-dominated power structure of the traditional family, introducing teachings of mutual responsibility and respect among family members, because Christians believed that everyone has one Lord and is accountable to God. The New Testament family rules gradually transformed family and social relationships at the time.

The prerequisite for practicing the New Testament house rules

It is easy to imagine that it would not be easy for a male head of household accustomed to absolute power to restrain or relinquish some of his existing authority. In fact, people in different roles, whether in the family or in society, need different kinds of power; the proper use of power is essential. But power often corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Before outlining the house rules, Ephesians reminds Christians of their new identity. They are new creations in Christ, therefore they must put off the old self, which is reflected in their former ways, and be renewed in the spirit of their minds. They must put on the new self, created in the image of God, in true righteousness and holiness (Ephesians 4:22-23). Moreover, Christians are a community filled with the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 5:18); with the help of the Holy Spirit, they are able to live godly lives and practice the teachings of the New Testament house rules.

Before discussing the teachings of house rules, Paul first presents a basic principle, which is..."Submit to one another in reverence for Christ."(Ephesians 5:21; bold text added by the author, the same below). In typical Roman families, only the wife submits to the husband, the children to the father, and the servants to the master. But in Christian families, each member also needs to respect one another and willingly serve one another. Christians submit to one another not because of social pressure or the desire for praise, but because of their fear of Christ and their out of reverence for Christ, for Christ is the common Lord of all Christians, and Christ has set an example of sacrifice for believers.

The contents of the New Testament house rules

Although the house rules in the New Testament differ from those in the Heroic world at that time, and put forward the mutual responsibilities of wives and husbands, children and parents, and servants and masters, they still follow the tradition of first discussing the responsibilities of subordinates, namely the wife's responsibility to her husband, the children's responsibility to their parents, and the servants' responsibility to their masters, before discussing the responsibilities of the head of the household.

Mutual responsibility between wife and husband

Regarding the mutual responsibilities between wives and husbands, Colossians teaches only two verses: "Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands, as is fitting in the Lord. Husbands, love your wives and do not mistreat them" (Colossians 3:18-19). Ephesians also uses the relationship between the church and Christ as a metaphor for the relationship between wives and husbands. Wives should submit to their husbands as they submit to the Lord Christ. Just as the church submits to Christ, so should wives submit to their husbands. Besides explaining the wife's responsibility to her husband, Ephesians also explains the husband's responsibility to his wife: husbands should love their wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her.

　　The house rules of Heroic society only required wives to submit to their husbands, but the New Testament house rules also require husbands to love their wives.Ephesians further illustrates how a husband should love his wife with two parables: First, a husband should love his wife with...Sacrificial loveFirst, love your wife as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her (Christ 5:25); second, a husband should love his wife as he loves his own body (Christ 5:28). A normal person doesn't harm their body; they always take care of it. A husband should cherish his wife with the same care he takes for his own body. After marriage, a man and woman become one, inseparable; therefore, loving one's wife is like loving oneself.

When summarizing the relationship between husband and wife in Ephesians, the author first mentions how husbands should treat their wives: "Each of you should love your wife as yourself, and the wife should respect her husband" (Ephesians 5:33). The author may have been subtly trying to transform the values of society at that time. We often hear the saying, "Men need respect, women need love"; men crave affirmation and respect, while women need to feel loved and accepted. If a husband receives affirmation and respect from his wife, he will love her more; similarly, if a wife feels her husband's love and acceptance, she will respect him more, forming a positive interaction and cycle. In today's society of gender equality, husbands and wives both need love and respect, only the degree to which men and women need love and respect may differ slightly.

Mutual responsibility between children and parents

Regarding the responsibilities of children to their parents, Colossians teaches: "You children, you must..."EverythingObey your parents, for this pleases the Lord.” (Ephesians 3:20) Children, especially minor children, should always obey their parents' teachings; this is God's will. Ephesians adds a condition to this obedience: “You children should…”In the Lord"It is only natural to obey one's parents." (Acts 6:1) Children should obey their parents, but Christ is ultimately our Lord. If the teachings of parents contradict God's will, biblical truth, moral norms, or legal regulations, children should not obey them. For it is right to obey God rather than man (Acts 5:29).

Furthermore, Ephesians states that those who honor their fathers and mothers will be blessed and enjoy long life on earth; this is the first commandment with a promise (Ephesians 6:2-3). The first four commandments concern the relationship between man and God, while the remaining six concern relationships between people. The first of the latter, the fifth commandment, is "Honor your father and your mother." This commandment promised that the Israelites who kept it would live a long and secure life in the Promised Land of Canaan (Exodus 20:12). Similarly, today, believers, with the help of the Holy Spirit, can keep the commandment to honor their fathers and mothers and live a long life on earth.

Regarding parental responsibility towards children, Colossians teaches: "Fathers, do not exasperate your children, lest they become discouraged" (Colossians 3:21). In the past, parents often believed that only strict discipline could raise good children. When children behaved well, parents would simply keep it to themselves, without offering affirmation or praise, fearing it would "praise them badly." However, when children behaved poorly or did not meet their parents' expectations, they would criticize or reprimand them, often causing the children to become disheartened. Today, some parents go to the other extreme, always protecting their children and rarely requiring them to fulfill their own responsibilities. As a result, children become self-centered and unable to cope with setbacks. Therefore, Ephesians adds: "But bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord" (Ephesians 6:4b, rev. 1950). Parents should not only make their children feel their love, but also help them learn to respect God and love others according to biblical teachings.

Mutual responsibility between servant and master

Regarding the servant's responsibility to their master, Ephesians (6:5-9) and Colossians (3:22-4:1) teach largely the same thing: servants should obey their masters in all things and serve them faithfully. Even without the master's supervision, they should faithfully complete their work. Paul calls on servants to serve their masters with the same mindset as serving Christ, and to know that in serving their masters in this way they will receive an inheritance from God as a reward. Servants should understand that they are ultimately serving the Lord Christ. Regarding the master's responsibility to their servant, both Ephesians and Colossians have only one verse: masters should treat their servants justly. Ephesians adds, "Do not intimidate them" (6:9). Masters should know that both their servants and themselves have one Lord in heaven, to whom everyone is accountable. Ephesians further adds, "This Lord does not show favoritism" (6:9). Today, we may be masters (such as bosses, employers, or superiors), or servants (such as employees or subordinates), or even simultaneously hold dual roles—both superiors and subordinates, and both employees and employers. Therefore, the biblical teachings on the mutual responsibilities between servants and masters are equally applicable to us today.

Summarize

The New Testament house rules served to apologize, shepherd, and transform society. The formulation of these rules demonstrated to the Heroic world of the first century that Christians also desired social harmony and stability.The house rules of the Heroic world concentrated power in the male head of the household; the house rules of the New Testament, on the other hand, emphasize that each member of the household should submit to one another and have mutual responsibilities.Christian family members are able to submit to one another because the Holy Spirit dwells among them and knows that they all share the same Lord, who shows no favoritism. Although New Testament family rules have their historical context, they remain applicable to the world today. Today, Christians who follow the Lord's commands and have good spousal, parent-child, and servant-master relationships are able to bear a beautiful witness for the Lord and transform the world.

　　There is a Chinese saying: “A country has its laws, and a family has its rules.” Every country has its own institutions and laws, which ensure the smooth functioning of the nation and safeguard social justice and stability. Citizens have a duty to respect these institutions and abide by the law. Similarly, every family has its own practices and norms, commonly referred to as household codes, that regulate its members’ behavior and help foster good character. Family members have a responsibility to respect these practices and adhere to these norms. Whether in today’s society or in first-century Greco-Roman society, family remains the basic unit of society. Family harmony is conducive to social harmony, stability, and prosperity.

　　The household codes in the New Testament mainly consist of teachings on mutual responsibility and mutual respect between husbands and wives, parents and children, and masters and slaves. In fact, the New Testament does not use the term “household codes” (German: Haustafeln), which originates from Martin Luther’s Small Catechism. While visiting the churches, Luther was surprised to find that common people had little knowledge of even basic Christian doctrines. He therefore compiled a simple and easily understandable catechism to help children and new converts correctly understand the core teachings of Christianity. The content covers the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Lord’s Prayer, household codes, and more. The household codes explicate the roles and responsibilities of each member of the family as well as members of society.

　　The household codes in the New Testament are primarily found in Colossians 3:18–4:1, Ephesians 5:21–6:9, and 1 Peter 2:13–3:7. Both Colossians and Ephesians discuss relationships within the family—between husbands and wives, parents and children, and masters and slaves—while 1 Peter addresses relationships between rulers and the people, masters and slaves, and husbands and wives, without mentioning the parent-child relationship. Colossians contains the earliest household codes in the New Testament, while Ephesians further elaborates the household codes found in Colossians. This article focuses on the similarities and differences in the household codes found in Colossians and Ephesians.

The Background

　　By the first century, the Greco-Roman world had already established household codes. Aristotle formulated a set of household codes, which he termed “household management” (Greek: oikonomia). These codes covered relationships between husbands and wives, fathers and sons, and masters and slaves, aiming to uphold the rights of those in authority and maintain order and stability within the family and society. Household management at that time was entirely centred on the male head of the household, focusing solely on the wife’s duties to her husband, the children’s duties to their father, and the slaves’ duties to their master. In the Greco-Roman world of the first century, the father of the family (Latin: paterfamilias) held absolute and unquestionable authority within the household, even wielding the power of life and death over his wife, children, and slaves.

　　The household codes in the New Testament are relevant for apologetic, pastoral, and social-transformational purposes. First-century Christians faced significant tension with non-believers and the Roman government for the following reasons: (1) In the Greco-Roman world, different regions and trade guilds (collegia) had their own pagan deities and religious rituals. However, once a person became a Christian, he no longer worshiped these deities or participated in these pagan rituals. Consequently, they were viewed as lacking loyalty to their local community or trade guilds and became alienated from the general population. (2) Some Roman emperors at the time promoted the imperial cult, but Christians worshiped only the one true God and refused to participate. Furthermore, since Christians referred to Jesus Christ as King, they were perceived as being disloyal to the emperor and even suspected of plotting to overthrow the Roman regime.

　　The New Testament’s household codes were intended to demonstrate to society and government that just as the Roman Empire had its own household codes, so did Christians, and Christians, like everyone else, valued order, harmony, and stability in the family and society. The New Testament’s household codes did not seek to subvert the social order, nor did they strive for complete social equality; rather, they were reshaping the male-dominated power structure within traditional families by introducing teachings on mutual responsibility and respect among family members, because Christians believe that they all have a common Master, that is God, and are accountable to Him. The New Testament’s household codes served to transform familial and social relationships gradually.

Prerequisites

　　As one might imagine, it was no easy task to ask a paterfamilias, who was accustomed to wielding absolute authority within his household, to restrain himself or relinquish some of his established power. In fact, whether in the family or society, people in different roles require different levels of authority. The proper exercise of authority is essential. But power often corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Before setting forth the household codes, Ephesians reminds Christians that they have already been given a new identity. In Christ, they are a new creation. Therefore, they must put off their old selves, which belong to their former manner of life, and be renewed in the spirit of their minds, and fully become their new selves, created after the likeness of God in true righteousness and holiness (Eph 4:22-23). Furthermore, Christians are a faith community filled with the Holy Spirit (Eph 5:18). With the help of the Holy Spirit, they have the power to live godly lives and put into practice the teachings of the New Testament’s household codes.

　　Before turning to the teachings on household codes, Paul first sets forth a fundamental principle: “Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ” (Eph 5:21; emphasis added here and throughout). In typical Roman households, only wives submitted to their husbands, children to their fathers, and slaves to their masters. But in Christian households, all members need to respect one another and willingly serve one another. Christians submit to one another not because of social pressure or a desire for praise, but out of reverence for Christ and in the fear of Christ, for Christ is the common Lord of all Christians, and He has set an example of self-sacrifice for believers.

The Contents

　　Although the New Testament’s household codes differ from those of the Greco-Roman world, when outlining the mutual responsibilities of wives and husbands, children and parents, and slaves and masters, they still follow tradition by first addressing the responsibilities of those in subordinate positions—that is, the responsibilities of wives toward their husbands, children toward their parents, and slaves toward their masters before discussing the responsibilities of the head of the household.

Wives and Husbands

　　Regarding the mutual responsibilities of wives and husbands, Colossians contains only two verses: “Wives, submit to your husbands, as is fitting in the Lord. Husbands, love your wives, and do not be harsh with them” (Col 3:18-19). Ephesians draws analogies between marriage and the relationship between the church and Christ. Wives are to submit to their husbands, as to Christ the Lord. Just as the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands. In addition to outlining a wife’s responsibilities toward her husband, Ephesians also outlines a husband’s responsibilities toward his wife: husbands are to love their wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave Himself up for her.

　　While Greco-Roman household codes only emphasized wives’ submission to their husbands, the New Testament also requires husbands’ love for their wives. Ephesians draws on two metaphors to illustrate how husbands should love their wives. Firstly, husbands should love their wives with a self-sacrificing love, just as Christ loved the church and gave Himself up for her (5:25). Secondly, husbands should love their wives as their own bodies (5:28). A normal person would never harm his own body; instead, he always nourishes and cherishes it. A husband should cherish his wife with the same care he shows his own body. Once a man and a woman are married, they become one—there is no distinction between “you” and “me”—so loving one’s wife is to love oneself.

　　When Ephesians summarizes the relationship between husbands and wives, it begins by addressing how husbands should treat their wives: “let each one of you love his wife as himself, and let the wife see that she respects her husband” (5:33). The author may have intended to subtly transform the social values of the time. We often hear the saying, “Men need respect; women need love.” Men long for affirmation and respect, while women need to feel loved and accepted. If a husband receives affirmation and respect from his wife, he will love her more; similarly, if a wife feels loved and accepted by her husband, she will respect him more, creating a positive cycle of interaction. In today’s society, where men and women are equal, both husbands and wives need love and respect, though the degree to which men and women seek these may differ slightly.

Children and Parents

　　Regarding children’s responsibilities toward their parents, Colossians states: “Children, obey your parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord” (3:20). It is God’s will that children, especially those who are minors, always heed their parents’ guidance. Regarding obedience to parents, Ephesians adds a qualifying condition: “Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right” (6:1). Children ought to obey their parents, but after all, ultimately Christ is our Lord. If a parent’s instruction contradicts God’s will, biblical truth, moral standards, or legal requirements, children must not obey. For we must obey God rather than people (Acts 5:29).

　　Furthermore, Ephesians points out that those who honor their parents will be blessed and live long in the land; this is the first commandment with a promise (6:2-3). The first four of the Ten Commandments concern the relationship between people and God, while the remaining six concern relationships among people. The first of the latter—the fifth commandment—is “Honor your father and mother.” This commandment promised that the Israelites who obeyed it would dwell securely and permanently in the beautiful land of Canaan (Ex 20:12). Similarly, believers today, with the help of the Holy Spirit, can keep the commandment to honor their parents and thus enjoy a long life on earth.

　　Regarding parents’ responsibilities toward their children, Colossians teaches: “Fathers, do not provoke your children, lest they become discouraged” (3:21). In the past, parents often believed that only strict discipline could raise good children. When children behaved well, parents would simply take pleasure in their hearts without offering affirmation or praise, for fear of “spoiling” them. But when children behaved poorly or failed to meet their parents’ expectations, they would be criticized or rebuked, often causing them to become discouraged and lose heart. Today, however, some parents have shifted to the other extreme, defending their children at every turn and rarely requiring them to fulfill their responsibilities. As a result, their children become self-centred and have difficulty coping with setbacks. Therefore, Ephesians adds: “… but bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the Lord” (6:4b). Parents should not only let their children feel their love but also, in accordance with the Bible’s teachings, help them learn to honor God and love others.

Slaves and Masters

　　Regarding the responsibilities of slaves toward their masters, the teachings in Ephesians (6:5-9) and Colossians (3:22–4:1) are largely the same: slaves are to obey their masters in everything and serve them sincerely. Even when their masters are not watching, they are to perform their work faithfully. Paul urges slaves to serve their masters with the same attitude they serve Christ, and to recognize that by serving their masters in this way, they will receive the inheritance from God as their reward. Slaves must understand that ultimately, it is Christ the Lord whom they are serving. Regarding the responsibilities of masters toward their slaves, both Ephesians and Colossians contain only one verse: masters are to treat their slaves fairly. Ephesians adds, “Stop your threatening” (6:9). Masters should realize that both they and their slaves have the same Master in heaven, and that they are all accountable to Him. Ephesians adds that this Master shows “no partiality” (6:9). Today, we may be masters (such as bosses, employers, or supervisors) or servants (such as employees or subordinates); more often than not, we hold both roles simultaneously, serving as both supervisors and subordinates and as both employees and employers. Therefore, the Bible’s teachings on the mutual responsibilities of slaves and masters are equally applicable to all of us.

Conclusion

　　The New Testament household codes are relevant for apologetic, pastoral, and social-transformational purposes. The formulation of these codes made it clear to the Greco-Roman world of the first century that Christians, too, desired social harmony and stability. While the Greco-Roman household codes concentrated authority in the father of the family, the New Testament household codes emphasize that all members of the household should submit to one another and bear mutual responsibilities. This mutual submission among Christian family members is possible because the Holy Spirit dwells among them, and they know that they all have one common Lord, who shows no partiality. Although the New Testament household codes have their historical context, they remain relevant in today’s world. When Christians today follow the Lord’s commands and cultivate healthy relationships between husbands and wives, parents and children, and masters and servants, they can bear a powerful witness for the Lord and transform the world.

Hong Meian

Master of Christian Studies

Angel Mei-On Hong

(MCS)

First, theology is not about teaching me to control God, but about teaching me to humbly know Him.

Before entering seminary, I had many questions about faith and some expectations of the church. I thought that studying theology would allow me to better grasp the faith and respond to the needs of the church. Looking back on this journey, I see that theology does not teach me to completely master God, but rather to humbly know Him more deeply.

II. God's church belongs to Him.

In the years leading up to my enrollment in Christian school, I was often frustrated by the divisions among Christians. I believed justice was paramount, yet I was also perplexed: why did we sometimes respond to brothers and sisters with hurtful words in the name of pursuing justice? In our efforts to uphold the truth, did we forget love? These questions unsettled me and deepened my fear of conflict and even war. I even wondered: would a third world war break out in my lifetime?

By learning about church history and different theological traditions, I gradually realized that the differences among believers are not a recent phenomenon.Even though the church is not perfect, God still reigns and preserves His church amidst human limitations and strife.Before, I knew in my mind that God was in control; now, I begin to find peace in my heart by understanding this truth, and my fear of war has unconsciously lessened.

Third, God sometimes responds to my struggles through people.

I had hoped to meet people who shared different views, so I could understand their experiences and perspectives. I had anticipated entering a tense environment, but God had prepared for me a group of friendly, sincere, and loving classmates. They are one of the most cherished blessings I received at seminary.The answer God gave me was not a theory, but a community that cares for one another.He not only taught me in the classroom, but also comforted and cared for me through the acceptance, love and example of my fellow practitioners.

Fourth, doubt can deepen faith, not destroy it.

I cherish the space and platform that the seminary provides for questioning and reflection. Questions are not a weakness to be hidden; rather, they can be an entry point to seeking God. Many people come with their own viewpoints, and I am no exception. The clash between the seminary's perspectives, church teachings, and personal experiences is different for everyone. When I understand why I believe and learn to trust God even without complete answers, my faith stands firmer.The seminary could not teach me everything, but it taught me how to continue seeking.

Fifth, knowing about God is not the same as truly knowing God.

Theological knowledge is invaluable, helping us read more accurately, think more humbly, and listen to the wisdom of believers throughout history. However, it cannot replace our relationship with God. Without praying, listening, and responding through the Holy Spirit, we may simply know a lot about God without truly knowing Him. I realize that evangelism is not about acquiring more knowledge to empower me to persuade and change others; it is God Himself who truly changes hearts. We must know Him more deeply through the Holy Spirit, and others trust in Him through the Holy Spirit, not through our own works.

As I graduate, I yearn to strive for the Gospel, teaching, and church unity. Administrative work is necessary; the church cannot exist entirely without administration and organization. However, administration itself is not the church's ultimate mission, but rather a means to support the work of the Gospel. Jesus commanded his disciples, "Therefore go and make disciples of all nations…" (Matthew 28:18-20). This mission is not entrusted to just a few preachers or theologically trained individuals, but to the entire church. Therefore, theological training for me is not merely about taking on another form of ministry, but about helping me better respond to this calling, hoping to help more believers dedicate their time and gifts to the ministry of evangelism, teaching the truth, and building up lives.

1. Theology Is Not about Mastering God, but Humbly Knowing Him

　　Prior to starting seminary, I had many questions in my heart and certain expectations regarding churches. I thought that studying theology would enable me to gain more knowledge and better respond to churches’ needs. Looking back on this journey however, I realize that theology was not about fully comprehending God, but rather led me to humbly know him more.

2. The Church Belongs to God

　　The few years leading up to beginning seminary, I was often frustrated by divisions among Christians. I believe justice is important, yet I was puzzled: “Why do we sometimes respond to brothers and sisters who hold different views with hurtful words in the name of justice? As we try to uphold the truth, do we forget to love one another?” These questions troubled me and deepened my fear of conflict and even war. I sometimes wonder if a Third World War would happen in my lifetime.

　　Through studying church history and various theological traditions, I have gradually come to understand that divisions among believers are not new. Even though churches may not be perfect, God is still sovereign, and he keeps his church regardless of human limitations and conflicts. In the past, I only knew in my mind that God was in control; now I genuinely experience peace through his truth. This has even gradually lessened my fear toward the idea of war and conflicts.

3. Sometimes God Responds to My Struggles through Others

　　I was hoping by interacting directly with people whose thoughts are different from mine, that I can better understand their experiences and perspectives. I expected there might be tension, but God prepared for me a group of kind, sincere, and loving classmates. They are one of the blessings I cherish most during my time at the seminary. God’s answer to me was not a set of theories, but a community that cares for one another. He not only taught me in the classroom, but also comforted and cared for me through the acceptance and love I received, and through the good example set by my classmates.

4. Doubts Can Deepen Faith Rather than Destroy It

　　I truly appreciate the space and platform that the seminary provides for us to question and reflect. Doubts are not weaknesses; rather they can serve as a gateway to seeking God. Many people come to seminary with their own perspectives, and I am no exception. The interactions between the seminary’s perspectives, the church’s teachings, and one’s personal experiences bring different challenges for each individual. As I came to understand why I believe and learned to trust God even without having all the answers, my faith actually grew stronger. The seminary could not teach me everything, but it taught me how to keep seeking God.

5. Knowing about God Is Not Equal to Knowing God

　　Theological knowledge is valuable. It helps us read more accurately, think more humbly, and learn from the wisdom of past believers. However, it cannot replace our relationship with God. Without praying, listening, and responding to God through the Holy Spirit, we may end up merely knowing a great deal of information about God without actually knowing him. I have come to realize that sharing the gospel does not depend on acquiring more knowledge and trying to persuade and change others. It is God himself who changes people’s hearts. We must rely on the Holy Spirit to know him more. Likewise, people come to trust the LORD through the Holy Spirit, and not through our own efforts.

　　After graduation, I am eager to devote myself to evangelism, Bible teaching, and church unity. Administrative work is important; a church cannot function without any administration and organization. However, administration itself is not the ultimate mission of the church, but a means to support gospel works. Jesus commanded his disciples: “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations …” (Mt 28:18-20). This mission is not only entrusted to a selected few, to pastors or to those with theological training, but to the entire church. Therefore, theological training for me is not merely about taking on a new position at church, but about helping me respond more effectively to Jesus’ calling, and I hope to help more believers devote their time and gifts to evangelism, teaching the truth, and building up lives.

Liu Zhiyin

Master of Divinity

Yannie Lau

(M.Div.)

What matters in God's eyes? What matters is...

I remember when I first enrolled, a senior mentioned that "many things (including people and events) are more important than grades." I didn't quite understand at first, but later I realized that this statement echoed the reminder my teacher gave me at the spiritual training camp when I first enrolled: "What is most important in the eyes of the Lord? What is it that pleases Him?" Three years later, I began to understand that what is important is not proving oneself to Him or others, but focusing on the Lord, responding to His love, and living out the life of Christ.

From responding to the Lord's love to learning and serving

God is all-knowing; He knew my limitations and weaknesses before He called me. In my three-year theological journey, I have come to understand that I can only rely on the Lord's grace every day to allow God to renew and change my life.To please the Lord is to focus on Him and make good use of everything He has given us to love Him and others.Learning and serving are not mutually exclusive, but rather mutually enriching. We learn knowledge to respond to the Lord's call and love, to know the Lord better, to learn His love, and to serve Him well; we serve among people to respond to their needs, to practice love, to respond to the Lord, and thus to learn and better understand what love is.

Trust in your weakness and experience God's abundance.

God let meLearn to rely on the Lord's grace even in weakness.This was an immense challenge for me. During the summer break of my first year of high school, several family members fell ill and passed away; I also suffered a torn ligament in my right shoulder due to an accident, limiting the movement of my right hand. The long rehabilitation process made me doubt whether I could continue my studies. In this struggle, God taught me to trust Him completely even more in times of weakness. I continued my rehabilitation while completing my studies, and even served alongside my classmates in the student council. Perhaps the initial motivation for serving was simply a willing heart, not focusing on the fact that I lacked the means to serve God. I never imagined I could serve the Lord peacefully and joyfully despite these limitations. I thank God for allowing me to experience His abundance.

From intellectual understanding to heart understanding

Another senior colleague reminded me: "When studying theology, you often use this part (pointing to the mind) to know God, but don't forget to know God from this part (pointing to the heart)."Knowing God from the HeartThis includes drawing near to the Lord often, discerning His will, and personally experiencing the profound love of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ lived among people on earth, including healing the sick, casting out demons, and teaching them. Christ's incarnation embodied His sacrificial love and self-sacrifice, and taught His disciples to selflessly follow Him. Jesus, being the Son of God and the King of Heaven, willingly became a servant out of love, serving others and setting an example for us.

Learn from the community and understand the Lord's love.

Thank God, I have witnessed firsthand how my teachers, colleagues, and classmates lived out His love in the details of daily life: they personally washed my wounds before they healed; they cared for me, shared with me, and prayed for me when I was weak and lonely; they lent me an external keyboard when they learned I couldn't lift my right hand, took care of my daily meals, and went to the canteen to get food for me. They cared not only for themselves but also for others, and with the mind of Christ Jesus, they lived out what it means to care for one another, inspiring love and encouraging good deeds.Their example reminds me that I should cherish every opportunity to serve and love, no matter how small.

Learning and serving are not contradictory, nor is knowing God. Studying at seminary not only deepens our intellectual understanding of God but also allows us to learn from the Lord anew, understanding His love. We learn before the Lord every day, every moment, and we learn from one another in our community, embodying His love in Christ. The Lord knows our needs and knows our hearts; we pray that He will help and renew us, drawing us closer to His heart.

"By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you love one another." (John 13:35)

Pray often and do not lose heart.

When I first enrolled, I asked my fellow students, "Studying theology takes a lot of time, and even then, we might not fully understand it. How can we balance serving others, caring for them, not neglecting our family and friends, and still finding time to pray and read the Bible?" They simply said, "You have to do that too." They seemed to offer no explanation, just smiled without saying a word, but now I'm beginning to understand what they meant. It's not that we can do it, but that we must still strive to try and obey, trusting and entrusting ourselves to the Lord who calls us. However, the most indispensable thing is prayer. The kneeling chair in the prayer room is inscribed with "Pray often" and "Do not lose heart" (Luke 18:1).Whether it is praying quietly alone or listening to the Word together in a group and interceding for one another, these are indispensable parts of our lives as disciples.

May the Lord continue to lead us forward, and may the Holy Spirit help us at all times, so that we may pray for and watch over one another on the way, becoming faithful servants who please Him, and living out the life of Christ who gave himself out of love.

What Matters in God’s Eyes? What Truly Matters Is …

　　I still remember when I began my studies at the seminary, a senior student once said to me, “Many things (including people and matters) are more important than grades.” I did not quite understand it at first, but later I realized that his words echoed what a teacher reminded us of during the spiritual formation camp at the beginning of the school year: “What truly matters in the Lord’s eyes? How do we live in a way that pleases Him?” Three years have passed, and I have come to understand that what matters is not proving myself to Him or to others, but focusing on the Lord, responding to His love, and living out the life of Jesus Christ.

From Responding to God’s Love to Learning and Serving

　　God is all-knowing. Even before He called me, He already knew all my limitations and weaknesses. During my three-year journey of theological studies, I came to realize that I can only rely on God’s grace day by day, allowing Him to renew and transform my life. To please the Lord means focusing on Him and making good use of all He has given me to love Him and love others. Learning and serving are not mutually exclusive—but rather, they enrich one another. We seek knowledge to respond to the Lord’s calling and His love—to know Him better, learn to love as He does, and serve Him faithfully. We serve others to meet their needs, put love into practice, and respond to the Lord, thereby learning and understanding more deeply what love truly is.

Trusting God and Experiencing His Abundance in Weakness

　　The Lord has taught me to rely on His grace in the midst of my weakness, which has been a tremendous challenge for me. During the summer break of my first year, multiple family members became ill and passed away one after another. In addition, I suffered a torn ligament in my right shoulder due to an accident, which limited the movement of my right arm. The lengthy rehabilitation process made me doubt whether I could continue my studies. Amidst my struggles, the Lord taught me to trust Him completely, especially in my weakest moments. I completed my studies while undergoing rehabilitation and even served alongside others in the student union. Perhaps what first motivates one to serve God is simply a willing heart—while not focusing on what one lacks and why one cannot adequately serve Him. I never imagined I could serve the Lord with peace and joy even with my limitations. I thank God for allowing me to experience His abundance.

Knowing God: From the Head to the Heart

　　My mentor reminded me: “When studying theology, we often come to know God in here (pointing to his head), but don’t forget to come to know God in here (pointing to his heart).” Knowing God in the heart involves drawing near to the Lord always, discerning His will, and personally experiencing the deep love of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ lived among people on earth, healing the sick, casting out demons, and teaching the truth. Christ’s incarnation embodied His sacrificial love and self-denial, and He taught His disciples to deny themselves and follow Him. Being both the Son of God and the King of Heaven, Jesus willingly became a servant to serve people out of love, setting an example for us.

Learning the Love of God in Community

　　I thank God for letting me witness how my teachers, seminary staff, and fellow students live out His love in even the small details of daily life. While my wounds had not yet healed, they cleaned and dressed them for me. When I was physically limited and feeling lonely, they took the initiative to care for me, share with me, and pray for me. Upon learning that I could not lift my right arm, they offered me an external keyboard, helped me with my daily meals, and even went to the seminary canteen to pick up food for me. They looked not only to their own interests but also to the interests of others. Having the same mindset as Christ Jesus, they embody what it means to care for one another and inspire one another to love and good works. Their example reminds me that even the smallest opportunities to serve and love should be cherished and embraced.

　　Learning and serving are not mutually exclusive, nor are the different ways of knowing God. Studying at the seminary involves not only gaining a deeper intellectual understanding of God but also renewing our hearts, imitating the Lord, and coming to understand His love. In every moment, we learn before the Lord, and together as a community we learn from one another, living out His love in Christ. The Lord knows our needs and understands our hearts. May He help and renew us, drawing us closer to His heart.

　　“By this all people will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another” (Jn 13:35).

Pray Always and Do Not Lose Heart

　　When I first began my studies, I asked the senior students, “Studying theology takes a lot of time, and even then, we might not fully understand it. How can we balance ministry and caring for others without neglecting our family and friends, while still finding time to be still and pray and read the Bible?” They simply replied, “You just have to do it.” They appeared to offer no explanation, only a smile. Now I begin to understand what they meant. It is not that we are capable, but that we must strive to obey, trust the Lord who has called us, and entrust ourselves to Him. However, the most indispensable thing is prayer. The kneelers in the prayer room bear the inscriptions “Pray always” and “Do not lose heart” (Lk 18:1). Whether we pray quietly in solitude or intercede for one another as a community after listening to the Word together, both are indispensable to our lives as disciples.

　　May the Lord continue to guide us forward, and may the Holy Spirit help us at all times, so that we may pray for and watch over one another along the way, become faithful servants who please Him, and live out the life of Christ, who gave Himself out of love.

Li Qiuyu

Master of Divinity

Qiuyu Li

(M.Div.)

One day in June, a classmate suddenly messaged me: "Good morning, Qiuyu! It suddenly occurred to me that I've never heard you say why you want to pursue further studies. You've sacrificed so much, especially your family life. What are the motivations and reasons behind that?" I vaguely gave a few reasons and admitted that sometimes I didn't fully understand the choices I made.This theological path may not offer clear answers at first, but it can still lead to unexpected encounters with God's grace.Beyond gaining knowledge and insights, this was also a journey of inner self-growth. I encountered my true self, met God, and met a community of true believers.

Meeting Yourself: Accepting Your True Self Amidst Fragmentation

From childhood, I've always considered myself a rather "well-behaved" person. In school, I was a "good girl" and a "good student." After marriage, I became a superwoman housewife. In church, I aspired to be a humble servant of Christ. I always secretly demanded of myself not to disappoint others and to strive to do my best… But after reading Parker J. Palmer's book, *Conversations with Yourself*…Let Your Life SpeakWhen asked, "Are you happy right now?", I almost lost control of my emotions. The thought, "I might really be living a life that isn't my own," terrified me. I've simply found a "sacred" way to live, but that's not who I truly am. When I quiet down, I don't even know what I like to eat or what I really want to do. I sense many inconsistencies between my inner and outer self, and this disconnect leaves me lost. I'm merely using various identities and affairs to mask my inner emptiness and brokenness.

I tried to confront my true self: confused, tired, lost, and helpless.I admit that there are many things I cannot do, and I acknowledge my weaknesses and needs. This is not a failure, but the beginning of faith.

Meeting God: Responding to His Call in Silence

Prayer is sometimes difficult for me because my childhood faith experience tells me that devout people spend a lot of time kneeling before the Lord in prayer. My past prayers were more about me talking, asking God to hear, or telling God my needs and waiting for Him to fulfill them. It was as if I were the initiator and God was the responder. (Spiritual Reading)Lectio DivinaBoth homecoming prayer and pilgrimage prayer have been very helpful to me. The common thread between them is...One should be quiet before God, listen to God's voice, and obey the promptings of the Holy Spirit..

In my relationship with God, I have never been, and should never have been, the initiator, but rather the responder. God seeks me because He desires me first (as Augustine said). Whether it is trusting, serving, or praying, these are not merely my actions, but His actions as well. What I need is to quietly listen to Him, to this Father who has always extended invitations and calls to me, and to believe that His love is eternally steadfast.

Encountering the Community: Building Together Amidst Differences

Some classmates have mentioned that seminary is mostly populated by introverts, and that I'm more of an extrovert. Others have said that the church is also predominantly populated by introverts, making it difficult to lead activities. My experiences in the faith community over the past two years have taught me that the most important factor in a truly cohesive community is not personality, but whether we are all willing to adjust ourselves in Christ. Because the foundation of fellowship is never about whether individuals are compatible or not, or whether their personalities match, but about fellowship through Jesus Christ and in Jesus Christ (as Bonhoeffer said).

Without Christ, even lovers who are deeply in love may break up, let alone a group of strangers who are originally unrelated. The people in the group are of different ages, have different understandings, and different personalities. Some are rational, some are emotional... Differences are precisely God's gift to the group, because each of us can only see one side of God. But when we listen to each other and learn from one another, the image of God becomes more complete among us.

I am grateful for the fellow travelers I have encountered on this theological journey. They are like brothers, pastors, teachers, and friends, offering me acceptance, respect, support, reminders, help, and companionship, which has given me a more personal understanding of "the church is the body of Christ." We are so different, yet we can build each other up.

May God continue to be gracious and guide me, so that I may meet Him in every moment, and meet everyone He has placed in my life.

　　One day in June, a classmate suddenly sent me a message: “Good morning, Qiuyu. It just occurred to me that you’ve never told me why you decided to pursue further studies at the seminary. You’ve sacrificed so much—especially your family life—so what’s the motivation and reason behind it?” I gave a few vague reasons and admitted that sometimes I might not fully understand the choices that I have made. On the journey of theological study, one may begin without clear reasons, yet still encounter God’s grace in unexpected ways. Beyond gaining knowledge and insight, this is a journey of inner growth above all. I have come to encounter my true self, to encounter God, and to encounter a genuine community of faith.

Encountering Myself: Embracing My True Nature amidst My Brokenness

　　Since childhood, I have been what you might call a “well-behaved” person. In school, I was considered a “good girl” and a “good student.” After getting married, I became a well-rounded homemaker. At church, I dedicated myself to being a humble servant of Christ. I always secretly demanded to myself that I would never let others down and I would always do my very best. But, while reading Parker J. Palmer’s book Let Your Life Speak, I was challenged with this question: “Are you happy right now?” I felt crushed, thinking that it may actually be true that “the life I am living is not the same as the life that wants to live in me.” This idea terrified me. I had simply sought to live in a “holy” way, but in reality, that was not my true self. In solitude and silence, I realized I barely knew what I actually liked to eat or what I truly wanted to do. I became aware of many inconsistencies between my inner and outer selves, and this disconnect left me feeling lost. I was merely masking my inner emptiness and brokenness with various identities and activities.

　　I tried to face my true self: chaotic, exhausted, confused, and helpless. I admitted that there were many things I could not do, and I acknowledged my weaknesses and needs. This was not a failure, but the beginning of faith.

Encountering God: Responding to His Call in Stillness

　　Prayer is sometimes difficult for me. My religious upbringing led me to believe that devout people spend a great deal of time kneeling before the Lord in prayer. In the past, my prayers were mostly me speaking—letting God listen—or telling God my needs and waiting for Him to fulfill them. It was as if I were the initiator and God were the one responding. Lectio Divina and Centring Prayer have been very helpful to me. What both have in common is that one must be still before God, listen to His voice, and obey the promptings of the Holy Spirit.

　　Now I realize that in my relationship with God, I have never been—and should never be—the one taking the initiative, but rather the one responding. God came to seek me out; it was He who first longed for me (as Augustine said). Whether it be trusting, serving, or praying, these are not merely my actions, but His. All I need to do is to be still and listen to Him, the Father who has been extending His invitation and calling to me all along, and to trust that His love is forever steadfast.

Encountering Community: Building up One Another in Diversity

　　A classmate once said that there are mostly introverts at seminary and that I am very extrovert. Some say that introverts make up the majority in churches, which makes it difficult to run activities. My experiences in faith communities over the past two years have taught me that what truly binds a genuine community together is not a personality type, but whether we are all willing to adjust ourselves in Christ. The foundation of fellowship has never been whether people are kindred spirits, or whether their personalities mesh, but rather communion through Jesus Christ and in Jesus Christ (as Dietrich Bonhoeffer said).

　　Without Christ, even well-matched lovers can drift apart, let alone a group of people who were once strangers to one another. Within the community, people may differ in age, perspective, and personality—for example, some are rational, and others emotional. These differences are precisely the gift God has given to the community, for each of us can see only one aspect of God. But when we listen to one another and learn from one another, the image of God becomes more complete among us.

　　I am grateful that during my theological journey, I met fellow pilgrims who are different from me. They are like brothers, pastors, teachers, and friends who offer me acceptance, respect, support, guidance, help, and companionship, giving me a deeper personal understanding of the truth that the church is the body of Christ. Though we are so different, we can build each other up.

　　May God continue to bestow His grace and guidance, so that in every moment I may encounter Him and every person He has placed in my life.

Chen Bairui

Master of Divinity

Patrick Chan

(M.Div.)

Pastor Chen, his wife Cailing, and their son Ruotian

Re-emerging on the path of theology

It has been exactly twelve years since I graduated with a Bachelor of Theology degree in 2014. At the beginning of my studies, I felt that in this era where the general public has a high level of education, simply having a Bachelor of Theology degree might be insufficient for pastoral ministry in the near future. Therefore, in my first year after graduation, I resolutely decided to return to my alma mater to pursue a Master of Divinity degree. Seeing many seniors and friends around me unable to complete a second degree for various reasons, I secretly resolved from the beginning to complete it and never allow myself to give up halfway. However, various changes occurred in the church, family, society, and personally, which at one point undermined my determination to continue my studies.Later, my wife was called to study theology, which became the opportunity for me to restart and complete my studies.Thanks be to God, I will be standing on the graduation stage with her this year.

Desire to grow and deepen

After suspending my studies and resuming my education, I noticed a subtle change in my mindset when attending classes and studying.What started as a simple academic requirement gradually transformed into a fervent desire to learn the Bible, theology, and practical skills.I increasingly hope to integrate my years of pastoral experience with my biblical and theological knowledge, and to find my own orientation among the many theological and ethical perspectives. Furthermore, I yearn to learn different ministry techniques from different teachers to aid my pastoral work and meet the needs of this rapidly changing world. Compared to the early stages of my studies, I am increasingly aware of my shortcomings and needs, and I have a deeper longing for growth and advancement to repay the Father's grace and meet the needs of my brothers and sisters.

Breaking through confusion and predicament

Over these twelve years, I have witnessed and heard the arrival and departure of various teachers and mentors. From them, I have learned different research approaches and their underlying methodologies in areas such as the Bible, theology, history, and practice. These different doctrines once left me quite bewildered and confused, especially when responding to the needs of the church and social issues. Are N.T. Wright's new perspective on Paul and Stanley Hauerwas's church ethics the only voice and way out? If we completely dismantle the Gospel message into fragments, are we really capable of reintegrating them? What is the value and significance of the achievements of the Reformation pioneers who devoted their lives to their work for us today? Can we really replace the efforts of the numerous pioneers of the Reformation to this day with the efforts of one or two generations? Do we truly understand their views and ideas? These intellectual struggles have troubled me for many years.

Later, Professor Zhang Kaixian's lectures on "Paul's Revelation" made me realize that biblical studies are not limited to a single, unchanging direction. While the voices of different scholars have their value, they also have their limitations. In the context of the church, we need to learn to listen to different voices (including those of brothers and sisters and scholars), discern God's current will for the church, and understand how God wants us to shepherd the flock (methodologically) and lead them to respond to the needs of this era. Furthermore, Professor Huang Fuguang's biblical theology helped me find my own place among the many different approaches to biblical study. It prevented me from merely parroting the ideas and opinions of certain teachers or scholars, and instead allowed me to begin establishing my own biblical theological stance and methodology. As stated in the book *Christian Theological Reflection*, every Christian is a theologian with their own faith-based reflections. As Professor Deng Shaoguang often reminded us in class: "Right faith, right conduct." Faith is not just about seeking understanding; true faith directly influences who we are and what we do. Finally, Professor Wu Guojie reminded us on several different occasions that the best way to understand a person's thoughts and life is to study firsthand materials, rather than relying on others' retellings. This made me more vigilant about people and things, no longer stopping at simple narration and retelling, but seeking original texts or more narrative perspectives, repeatedly comparing, reflecting on, and learning about what I know.

Finally, I thank every teacher, co-worker, classmate, family member, friend, and member of the church who has helped me on my theological journey. Most importantly, I thank the Triune God who saved me and called me. To Him be glory and praise forever.

The Rev. Chan, his wife RoseKelly, and their son Timothy.

Resuming the Theological Journey

　　It has been exactly twelve years since I graduated with a Bachelor of Theology degree in 2014. Upon graduation, I recognized that in an era where educational attainment is generally high, entering pastoral ministry with only a Bachelor’s degree might prove insufficient in the near future. Therefore, in the first year after graduation, I resolutely decided to return to my alma mater to pursue a Master of Divinity degree. Seeing that many of my seniors and close friends had been unable to complete their second degree for various reasons, I made a vow to myself at the very beginning of my studies: I would see it through to the end and never allow myself to give up. However, various changes in the church, my own family, society, and my personal life at times shook my resolve to pursue further studies. However, when my wife was called to study at the seminary, it was a turning point for me, and I chose not only to resume but to complete my studies. Thanks to the grace of our Heavenly Father, this year I will stand on the stage at the graduation ceremony alongside my wife.

Longing for Further Growth

　　After taking a leave of absence and then resuming my studies, I found a subtle shift in my mindset toward attending classes and studying. I was initially driven simply by the need to earn a degree, but then my motivation gradually evolved into a passionate desire to study the Bible, theology, and practical skills. I increasingly hoped to engage in a dialogue between my years of pastoral experience and the biblical and theological knowledge I have been acquiring, to integrate them, and to develop my own perspective among the many theological and ethical stances. In addition, I long to learn different ministry skills from various teachers, which will enhance my pastoral ministry and help me meet the needs of these rapidly changing times. Compared to the early stages of my studies, I have become increasingly aware of my own weaknesses and needs, and as a result, I now have a deeper longing to grow and deepen my knowledge—hoping to repay our Heavenly Father’s grace and meet the spiritual needs of my brothers and sisters in Christ.

Breaking through Confusion and Struggles

　　Over the past twelve years, I have witnessed the arrival and departure of various professors. From them, I have learned different approaches and methodologies in areas such as Bible studies, theology, history, and practical ministry. These differing schools of thought once left me feeling quite bewildered and confused. In particular, I wondered: When responding to the needs of churches and social issues, are N. T. Wright’s “New Perspective on Paul” and Stanley Hauerwas’s ecclesiological ethics the only voices and solutions? If we were to break down the message of the Gospel into fragmented pieces, would we be able to reintegrate them? What value and significance do the hard-won achievements of the Reformers—the fruit of their lifelong efforts—hold for us today? Can we possibly supplant the contributions of the countless sages since the Reformation with the efforts of just one or two generations? Do we truly understand their perspectives and ideas? These intellectual struggles have troubled me for years.

　　Later, as I attended Dr. Kai-hsuan Chang’s course on “Apocalyptic Paul,” I realized that biblical studies are not limited to a single, unchanging approach. While the perspectives of different scholars have value, they also carry limitations. Within the context of the church, we need to learn to listen to diverse voices (including those of fellow believers and scholars), discern God’s will for churches at this moment, and understand how (in practical terms) God wants us to shepherd His flock and lead them to respond to the needs of our time. Furthermore, Prof. Fook-kong Wong’s teaching on biblical theology helped me find my own path among the many different approaches to biblical study. It enabled me to move beyond merely parroting the ideas and opinions of this or that teacher or scholar, and instead beginning to develop my own biblical theological position and methodology. As stated in the book How to Think Theologically, every Christian is a theologian, with their own reflections on their faith. Prof. Andres Tang also frequently reminds students: “Right Faith, Right Action.” Faith is not merely about seeking understanding; true faith directly influences who we are and what we do. Lastly, Prof. Nathan Ng has reminded us on many different occasions that the best way to understand a person’s thoughts and life is to study primary sources rather than rely on others’ retellings. This has made me look more critically at all sources; I no longer rely solely on a single narrative or secondary sources, but instead seek out original texts or additional perspectives with repeated comparison, reflection, and learning.

　　Finally, I would like to thank every teacher, staff member, classmate, family member, friend, and fellow church member who has helped me on my journey of theological study. Above all, I give thanks to the Triune God who saved me and called me. May glory and praise be to Him forevermore.

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In 1951, the forefathers of the Baptist Church received their calling and established the Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary during a difficult time. Protected by the Lord, the Baptist Theological Seminary has grown continuously through transformation over the past 75 years, striving to fulfill its mission of theological education and research in Hong Kong. It diligently cultivates servant leaders with theological wisdom, spiritual character, and practical service abilities, nurturing generation after generation of pastors, missionaries, and believer leaders. Together with brothers and sisters, it builds up the church, expands God's Kingdom, and exerts influence in society, serving as salt and light, and witnessing to the Gospel of Christ and peace.

To commemorate the Lord's profound grace and love, our institution held a series of anniversary events under the theme "Standing in Christ, Facing the Future." In a world of chaos and constant change, only by standing firmly on the solid cornerstone of Jesus Christ can we navigate the turbulent currents of the world and face the unpredictable future, putting the true word of Christ into practice in this era. Among the most important anniversary events were the "75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Worship and Musical Concert" and the "75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Dinner." This issue of the institution's newsletter features photos from these two gatherings, allowing readers to relive moments from them.

Thanksgiving Worship and Musical Praise Meeting

On the afternoon of April 19th this year, our college held its 75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Worship and Musical Praise Meeting at the Kowloon City Baptist Church. The college choir, alumni choir, and choir members from nineteen Baptist churches formed a large joint choir of over 250 people, offering a sacrifice of thanksgiving and praise to the Lord together with brothers and sisters in Christ, becoming a beautiful mark of unity in serving God during this historic moment of "Baptism of God."

In 1951, our Baptist forebears, responding to a divine calling, established the Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary (HKBTS) during a troubled time. By God's grace, over the past seventy-five years, HKBTS has grown steadily amidst changing times, while striving to fulfill its mission of theological education and research in Hong Kong. Diligently nurturing servant-leaders who possess theological wisdom, spiritual character, and practical ministry skills, HKBTS has trained generation after generation of pastors, missionaries, and lay leaders. In unity with brothers and sisters in Christ, they have built up churches, expanded the Kingdom of God, and exerted a positive influence in society, serving as salt and light and bearing witness to Christ's Gospel of peace.

To commemorate the Lord's abundant grace and love, HKBTS has organized a series of anniversary events under the theme “Stand Firm in Christ, Advance Toward the Future.” In a world of turmoil and ever-changing circumstances, only by standing firm on the solid cornerstone of Jesus Christ can we face an uncertain future amidst the world's currents and put His truth into practice in this age. The highlights of the celebrations were the “75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Service and Concert of Praise” and the “75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Banquet.” This issue of the Newsletter features a selection of photos from these two events, inviting readers to relive the moments captured therein.

The Thanksgiving Service and Concert of Praise

On the afternoon of April 19 this year, HKBTS held a “75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Service and Concert of Praise” at the Kowloon City Baptist Church. On that day, the Seminary Choir and the Alumni Choir joined forces with choir members from 19 Baptist churches to form a single choir of over 250 singers. This choir, together with the congregation, offered a sacrifice of thanksgiving and praise to the Lord, creating a beautiful evening of unity and serving God during this historic moment for HKBTS.

"Please... grant us to encounter You in music and truth!"

Pastor Tang Rongmin, a member of the board of directors of the seminary, led the congregation in prayer for the seminary's educational ministry and for the day's gathering.

“We pray … that we may encounter You through music and truth!”

The Rev. Wing-mun Tong, a member of our Board of Directors, led the congregation in prayer for HKBTS's educational ministry and the events of the day.

"...together we will witness God's profound grace and love, and the historic moment of 'Baptism by God'."

Reverend Chung Chi-kwong, Chairman of the Board of Directors, welcomed all the friends who came to worship with us and gave a brief introduction to the college's recent situation and future prospects.

“… to witness together God’s profound grace and love, as well as this historic moment of HKBTS.”

The Rev. Chi-kwong Chung, Chairman of our Board of Directors, welcomed our friends from all quarters who joined us in worship and provided an overview of HKBTS's recent developments and plans for the future.

"The Lord Jesus Christ, the cornerstone!..."

A large choir of over 250 people sang "Christ, Cornerstone!" Their voices, melodious and powerful, resonated throughout the venue, deeply moving everyone present.

“Lord Jesus, the Cornerstone! …”

The joint choir of over 250 singers presented “Lord Jesus, the Cornerstone!” Their voices, melodious yet powerful, echoed throughout the venue, deeply moving the hearts of all present.

"This is our story of gratitude."

The college choir performed three stories of students on their faith journey in the form of mime: "Seeing the Lord's grace on the path of raising children", "Being a blessing to family members on the path of faith", and "Being loved by God on the path of theological study".

“"These are our stories of gratitude."”

The Seminary Choir presented three stories about students' journeys of faith through a pantomime: "Witnessing God's Grace in Parenting," "Becoming a Blessing to Our Families on Their Faith Journeys," and "Loved by God on the Seminary Journey."’

"I offer you a sacrifice of thanksgiving."

Our board member, Evangelist Yang Baohua, led the congregation in reciting the Response Text.

“"I will offer to You the sacrifice of thanksgiving."”

Ms. Po-wah Yeung, Honorary Secretary of our Board of Directors, led the congregation in reciting the responsorial prayer.

"Jesus himself approached them and walked with them..."

Reverend Chen Zhiqiang, Vice Chairman of the Board, read aloud from the Word of God, Luke 24:13-35, concerning the story on the road to Emmaus.

“Jesus himself drew near and went with them…”

The Rev. Che-keung Chan, Vice Chairman of our Board of Directors, read from Luke 24:13-35, the account of the journey to Emmaus.

"May you...hold hope in your hearts...stand in Christ, face the present together, and embrace the future."

"May you...hold hope in your hearts...stand in Christ, face the present together, and embrace the future."
Dean Tsao Wei-tung, in his speech entitled "Standing in Christ, Facing the Future: Hope on the Road to Emmaus," encouraged us to always have hope: to wait patiently, to believe that Jesus Christ is our salvation in times of trouble; to believe that the Bible is the source of hope; and to believe that practical theology, which takes the Bible as the source of hope, can appropriately respond to the challenges of the present.

“"I earnestly hope that you … will keep hope in your hearts … stand firm in Christ, face today's challenges together, and look forward to the future."”

President Joshua Cho, speaking on the theme “Stand Firm in Christ, Advance Toward the Future: Hope on the Road to Emmaus,” encourages us to persist in hope: to wait patiently, trusting that Jesus Christ is our salvation in times of trouble; to believe that Scripture is the source of hope; and to affirm that practical theology, grounded in Scripture as the source of hope, can respond appropriately to the challenges of our time.

Thanksgiving Dinner

That evening, our institute hosted its 75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Dinner at the London Grand Restaurant. Board members, faculty, students, staff, and friends from all walks of life gathered to reflect on God's blessings, exchange ideas, encourage one another, and enjoy a joyful time of fellowship. Guests included pastors and staff from Baptist and other denominations, friends from the theological community, leaders of Christian organizations, members of the Institute's Council, the president, general secretary, and standing committee members of the Hong Kong Baptist Convention, alumni, guests from afar, and brothers and sisters who care about "Baptismal God." We sincerely thank all members for their blessings and support!

Thanksgiving Banquet

That evening, HKBTS hosted a “75th Anniversary Thanksgiving Banquet” at the London Restaurant. Our Board members, faculty, students, staff, and friends from all quarters gathered to count God's blessings, commune with one another, share encouragement, and enjoy a joyful time of fellowship. Guests included pastors and ministers from the Baptist churches and other denominations, friends from the theological community, leaders of Christian organizations, members of our President's Council, the President, General Secretary, and Standing Committee members of the Baptist Convention of Hong Kong, as well as alumni from different years, guests coming from afar, and brothers and sisters who care deeply about HKBTS. We sincerely thank all these members of the body of Christ for their blessings and support!

"I rejoice, and thank God in my heart..."

As the banquet began, teachers, students, alumni, and guests gathered together to sing "Joy" in thanksgiving to God.

“Give thanks with a grateful heart…”

As the banquet began, our faculty, students, alumni, and all guests gathered together to sing “Give Thanks” as an expression of gratitude to God.

"Tonight, we are surrounded by distinguished guests... Christ family members sharing and exchanging blessings."

On behalf of the hospital, Chairman of the Board, Pastor Zhong Zhiguang, welcomed all the friends who came to offer their congratulations and express their gratitude with us. He also hoped that everyone would continue to walk with "Baptismal God" and work together to cultivate more servant leaders for God's Kingdom.

“Tonight, we are honored to have such a distinguished gathering … as members of the Lord’s family come together to fellowship and share in His grace.”

On behalf of HKBTS, Chairman of our Board of Directors, the Rev. Chi-kwong Chong, extended a warm welcome to all who joined us to celebrate and give thanks. He also expressed his hope that they would continue to walk alongside HKBTS, working together to raise up more servant-leaders for the Kingdom of God.

"May there be no shortage of soldiers, no retreat from the truth, and no slumber of the church."

Reverend Tong Wing-man, President of the Hong Kong Baptist Convention, congratulated the church on behalf of the convention and called on everyone and all churches to be partners with "Baptist God" and fight together for God's kingdom.

“"May faithful soldiers never be lacking, the truth never waver, and the church never slumber."”

The Rev. Wing-mun Tong, President of the Baptist Convention of Hong Kong, extended congratulations to HKBTS on behalf of the Convention and called upon all individuals and churches to partner with HKBTS in striving together for the Kingdom of God.

"Through seventy-five years of vicissitudes, we have tasted the Lord's grace; planting peaches and nurturing plums, the city is filled with fragrance."

Rooted in Christ, looking towards the future; tomorrow's spiritual palace, today's school.

Reverend Chung Kin-kai (left), Chairman of the Hong Kong Chinese Christian Churches Union, presented the church with a seven-character quatrain and a memorial seat on behalf of his union, wishing that God would continue to use "Baptismal God" to stand on the rock of Christ, nurturing more worthy workers, igniting the light of truth for the churches in Hong Kong, mainland China and the world, and glorifying the Father.

“Seventy-five years of trials and grace,
Peach and plum trees cultivated,
whose scent fills the city's space.
We look ahead with Christ as our base:
Tomorrow's spiritual temple,
today’s discipleship place.”

The Rev. Kin-kai Chung (left), Chairman of the Hong Kong Chinese Christian Churches Union, presented HKBTS with a poem and a keepsake on behalf of the Union, conveying their wishes that God would continue to use HKBTS so that it keeps on standing firm in Christ, the Rock, and train more faithful workers who will shine the light of truth for churches in Hong Kong, mainland China, and around the world, bringing glory to the Heavenly Father.

"The shepherd is the messenger of hope."

Dean Cao Weitong began by sharing short videos from three alumni, pointing out that one of the characteristics of "Baptismal Theology" theological education is to cultivate students' spiritual qualities of "faith, hope and love," and in recent years, it has focused on deepening the element of "hope," hoping that students will become pastors who convey hope.

“"Pastors are bearers of hope."”

President Joshua Cho began his remarks by referring to a short video in which three alumni shared their stories, noting that one of the distinctive features of HKBTS's theological education is its commitment to nurturing students' spiritual character marked by ’faith, hope, and love.“ In recent years, HKBTS has placed particular emphasis on deepening the element of ”hope“ so that students may become pastors who convey hope.

"Continue to lead the seminary on the path ahead, and glorify Your name."

Reverend Lee Kwok-hung, General Secretary of the Hong Kong Baptist Convention, led everyone in a prayer of thanksgiving and offered thanks for the 75 years of "Baptist God" nurturing countless workers of the Kingdom of Heaven, and prayed that the Lord would establish the college to continue to be faithful to its mission of theological education.

“We pray that You continue to lead the seminary on the path ahead, to the glory of Your name.”

The Rev. Vincent Kwok-hung Lee, General Secretary of the Baptist Convention of Hong Kong, led the congregation in the table prayer, giving thanks for the countless workers for the Kingdom of Heaven that HKBTS has nurtured over the past 75 years, and praying that the Lord would strengthen HKBTS to remain faithful to its mission of theological education.

Embark on the 7.5-second challenge!

The guests enthusiastically participated in the games, nervously pressing the timer. The three who came closest to 7.5 seconds received gifts, creating a joyful atmosphere.

The 7.5-Second Challenge

Guests enthusiastically joined the party game, stopping the timer with bated breath. The three participants whose times came closest to 7.5 seconds were awarded gifts, bringing joy throughout the dining hall.

"I am truly grateful to God... I have not forgotten the nurturing I received from Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary, which has made me a worker who is not ashamed and who rightly divides the word of truth."

The oldest alumnus that evening, 81-year-old Reverend Liang Deshun, has faithfully served the Lord around the world for many years. A year ago, upon learning of his alma mater's anniversary celebration, he planned to return from the United States specifically to attend and express his gratitude to God.

“I am truly grateful to God … I have not forgotten the training I received at the Hong Kong Baptist Theological Seminary, which has enabled me to be a worker who has no need to be ashamed, rightly handling the word of truth.”

The oldest alumnus in attendance that evening, the 81-year-old Rev. Peter Tuk-soon Leong, has faithfully served the Lord around the world for many years. Upon learning a year ago that his alma mater was organizing this anniversary celebration, he made plans to return from the United States specifically to attend and express his gratitude to God.

"Keep going, Baptismal God!"

Among the guests born in the same year the college was founded (1951) were alumni, former staff members, and church members, who offered sincere blessings to "Baptism God".

“"Go, HKBTS!"”

Among the guests born in the same year HKBTS was founded (1951) were alumni, former staff members, and church members, who offered heartfelt blessings to HKBTS.

"May 'Baptismal Spirit' continue to steadfastly fulfill the mission God has given us..."

Alumnus Reverend Chen Keping (right) has been a strong supporter of theological education ministry of "Baptismal God" for many years. He wishes the college to continue to steadfastly fulfill the mission God has given us and to continue to cultivate more workers of God.

“I hope that HKBTS will continue to steadfastly carry out the mission God has entrusted to us…”

Alumnus the Rev. Hak-ping Chan (right) has been a staunch supporter of the theological education ministry at HKBTS for many years. He expressed his hope that HKBTS will continue to carry out faithfully the mission God has entrusted to us and raise up more workers for the Lord.

I have something to say about baptism...

Each colorful greeting card, filled with heartfelt messages, carried the guests' blessings and gratitude to the college, filling the venue with warmth and laughter as they celebrated the college's 75th anniversary.

Blessings for HKBTS

Colorful greeting cards, each bearing heartfelt messages, conveyed the guests' blessings and gratitude to HKBTS. The atmosphere was filled with warmth and laughter as everyone came together to celebrate HKBTS's 75th anniversary.